ArticlePloS one2017
Risk of pneumonia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: A population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults in Japan after the introduction of the childhood PCV13.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Predictors of Pneumonia in Patients With Penetration-Aspirations Detected on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing.Dysphagia · 2025Article
- Article
- The relationship between pneumonia and dental visits in patients with cerebral palsy: A nationwide registry-based cohort study in Taiwan.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Literature Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Respiratory infectious burden in a cohort of antibody deficiency patients treated with immunoglobulin replacement therapy: The impact of lung pathology and gastroesophageal reflux disease.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2023Article
- Surgeon experience with insurance barriers to offering gastric bypass as an evidence-based operation for pathologic GERD.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Article
- Associated Factors of Pneumonia in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Apart from the Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Risk Factors of Pertussis Among Older Adults in South Korea: A Nationwide Health Data-Based Case-Control Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia as risk factors for lobectomy complications.JTCVS open · 2022Article
- The Prevalence of Anticholinergic Drugs and Correlation with Pneumonia in Elderly Patients: A Population-Based Study in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Nomogram for pneumonia prediction among children and young people with cerebral palsy: A population-based cohort study.PloS one · 2020Article
- The Phylogeny and Biological Function of Gastric Juice-Microbiological Consequences of Removing Gastric Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Can Impedance-pH Testing on Medications Reliably Identify Patients with GERD as Defined by Pathologic Esophageal Acid Exposure off Medications?Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2019Article
- Risk of acute epiglottitis in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: A population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on the risk of pneumonia and severe exacerbations in patients with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe prevalence of gastroesophagel reflux disease (GERD) has steadily increased. However, the association between GERD itself and the risk of pneumonia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between GERD and long-term risk of pneumonia and to identify the major risk factors for pneumonia in GERD patients.
methodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients who were newly diagnosed with GERD and treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2010. Two groups comprising 15,715 GERD cases and 15,715 non-GERD matched controls were generated using propensity score matching, thereby making the differences in basic demographics, concomitant medication use, and comorbidities between the two groups inconsiderable.
resultsCumulative incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher in the patients with GERD than that in the non-GERD matched controls, with an adjusted HR of 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-1.67; P < 0.001) within 6-year follow-ups. Multivariate stratified analyses revealed similar results in many subgroups, with a highest risk in individuals younger than 40 years of age (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.48-3.19). Crucially, patients with GERD using PPIs longer than 4 months were at a significantly increased risk of pneumonia than those who did not use PPIs or took PPIs less than 4 months.
conclusionsGERD was significantly associated with long-term risk of pneumonia, especially in GERD with PPI use longer than 4 months or in the young population. Further prospective longitudinal studies should be conducted for validation and implementing clinical practice guidelines.
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