ArticlePloS one2017
Assessment of the influence of direct tobacco smoke on infection and active TB management.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of smoking cessation interventions on abstinence and tuberculosis treatment outcomes among newly diagnosed patients: a randomized controlled trial.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Article
- Tuberculosis Trends in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Is It Going to be a Global Concern?Health science reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling causal relationships between addiction phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines: insights from bidirectional mendelian randomization and bibliometric analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effect of Smoking on Longitudinal Interferon γ Release Assay Results Among Close Contacts of People with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis due to smoking, 1990-2021: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A scoping review about smoking, smoking cessation and their effects on anti-tuberculosis agents: insights into drug metabolisms, safety, and effectiveness.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Tuberculosis morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a life-threatening complex challenge.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Depression, Anxiety, and Cigarette Smoking Among Patients with Tuberculosis.Clinical nursing research · 2023Article
- Host, technical, and environmental factors affecting QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube performance in children below 5 years of age.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A Multilevel Analysis of the Associated and Determining Factors of TB among Adults in South Africa: Results from National Income Dynamics Surveys 2008 to 2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- No smoke without fire: the impact of cigarette smoking on the immune control of tuberculosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Tobacco Smoking and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Impact on Tuberculosis in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The association between diabetes status and latent-TB IGRA levels from a cross-sectional study in eastern China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Increased levels of circulating LPS during Tuberculosis prevails in patients with advanced pulmonary involvement.PloS one · 2021Article
- The Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis-The Koch Phenomenon Reinstated.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ballabgarh tuberculosis unit, Haryana.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- A valuable computed tomography-based new diagnostic tool for severe chest lesions in active pulmonary tuberculosis: combined application of influencing factors.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease progression. Tobacco smoking increases susceptibility to TB in a variety of ways, one of which is due to a reduction of the IFN-γ response. Consequently, an impaired immune response could affect performance of IFN-γ Release Assays (IGRAs).
objectiveIn the present study, we assess the impact of direct tobacco smoking on radiological manifestations, sputum conversion and immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, analyzing IFN-γ secretion by IGRAs.
methodsA total of 525 participants were studied: (i) 175 active pulmonary TB patients and (ii) 350 individuals coming from contact tracing studies, 41 of whom were secondary TB cases. Clinical, radiological and microbiological data were collected. T-SPOT.TB and QFN-G-IT were processed according manufacturer's instructions.
resultsIn smoking patients with active TB, QFN-G-IT (34.4%) and T-SPOT.TB (19.5%) had high frequencies of negative results. In addition, by means of an unconditional logistic regression, smoking was a main factor associated with IGRAs' false-negative results (aOR: 3.35; 95%CI:1.47-7.61; p<0.05). Smoking patients with active TB presented a high probability of having cavitary lesions (aOR: 1.88; 95%CI:1.02-3.46;p<0.05). Mean culture negativization (months) ± standard deviation (SD) was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (2.47±1.3 versus 1.69±1.4). Latent TB infection (LTBI) was favored in smoking contacts, being a risk factor associated with infection (aOR: 11.57; 95%CI:5.97-22.41; p<0.00005). The IFN-γ response was significantly higher in non-smokers than in smokers. Smoking quantity and IFN-γ response analyzed by IGRAs were dose-dependent related.
conclusionsSmoking had a negative effect on radiological manifestations, delaying time of sputum conversion. Our data establish a link between tobacco smoking and TB due to a weakened IFN-γ response caused by direct tobacco smoke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.