Observational studyEndocrine2018
Association of obesity and diabetes with thyroid nodules.
Observational study in Endocrine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation Between Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of Change in Practicing Cytopathologists' Team on Risk of Malignancy in a Retrospective Single-Centre Project of 652 Thyroid Nodules: A Quality Assurance Project.Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology · 2026Article
- Association between the Chinese visceral adiposity index and thyroid nodule risk: a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Analysis of external dose rate attenuation and its related factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients following I-131 therapy.EJNMMI physics · 2026Article
- High prevalence of thyroid nodules and their association with cardiometabolic risk in Mongolia.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Central Obesity and Diabetes with Thyroid Nodules: A 3.2-year Prospective Study in Chinese Adults.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Thyroid nodules as predictors of adenomatous colonic polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- The impact of insulin resistance on thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid follicular nodular disease in pregnant women.European thyroid journal · 2025Article
- Adiposity Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Thyroid Malignancy in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of gender and metabolic factors with thyroid nodules in T2DM: a retrospective study.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Risk factors for thyroid nodules in a health examination population: a cross-sectional study and development of a simplified predictive model.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Ultrasonic Imaging of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome with and without Thyroid Nodules: A Case-Control Patient-Based Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- Pituitary-Thyroid Hormones and Related Indices in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes: Association With Thyroid Nodules.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Unveiling the link between ACR TI-RADS grading and Bethesda score of thyroid nodules in diabetic patients: A comprehensive analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with thyroid nodules: the impact of incidental diagnosis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Establishment and validation of a multivariate logistic model for risk factors of thyroid nodules using lasso regression screening.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Prediction of cytology-histology discrepancy when Bethesda cytology reports benign results for thyroid nodules in women: with special emphasis on pregnancy.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Risk factors associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional population-based study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Thyroid Nodules and Obesity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThere are conflicting data concerning the possibility that obesity and diabetes raise the risk of thyroid nodules. The incidence of thyroid nodules is increasing, as is that of obesity and diabetes; therefore, understanding whether these metabolic and nutritional disorders influence nodular thyroid disease is important for organizing prevention strategies. This study investigated the association between thyroid nodules, obesity, diabetes, and dietary habits. MATERIALS AND
methodsA cohort of randomly selected adults (455 males, 746 females; age: 18-90 years) living in Palermo (Italy), a mild iodine deficiency area, was cross-sectionally investigated. Participants underwent high-resolution ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid, and answered a food frequency questionnaire. Laboratory blood measurements were obtained in 587 participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Thyroid nodules were detected in 475 (39.5%) participants. The number of thyroid nodules was correlated with age (r = 0.19; P < 0.001), gender (r = 0.08; P = 0.005), and body mass index (r = 0.07; P = 0.02). No significant correlation was observed between the number of nodules and glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted prevalence of both overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes of each group of participants divided according to the number of nodules significantly increased with the number of nodules (P < 0.05 in both cases). The group of participants with nodules exhibited a significantly lower age-adjusted and gender-adjusted habitual intake of milk (P = 0.02). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, and habitual consumption of milk were independently correlated with presence of thyroid nodules.
conclusionThis study seems to indicate that an association exists between obesity, diabetes, and thyroid nodules.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.