SynthesisEuropean journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie2018
Four symptoms define the piriformis syndrome: an updated systematic review of its clinical features.
Synthesis in European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Importance of Pelvic Morphometric Measurements in Piriformis Syndrome: A Case-control Study
The Importance of Gluteus Maximus Muscle in Patients With Preliminary Diagnosis of Piriformis Syndrome: Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Study
Comparative Effects of Fascial Distortion Model With and Without Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Quality of Life in Patients With Piriformis Syndrome
Comparative Effects of Autogenic Inhibition and Reciprocal Inhibition Muscle Energy Techniques in Piriformis Syndrome
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Diagnostic Criteria and Clinical Tests for Piriformis Syndrome
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Piriformis syndrome: a systematic review of case reports.BMC surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Piriformis syndrome and lumbosacral radiculopathy: An overlooked coexistence.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus dry needling for piriformis syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy of Linggui Tanxue acupuncture combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy for piriformis syndrome: a prospective comparative clinical study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring non-invasive diagnostic tools for deep gluteal syndrome: a multimodal approach integrating clinical and imaging techniques.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Comparison of Pulsed Radiofrequency and Endoscopic Piriformis Release for Refractory Piriformis Syndrome: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Piriformis preservation in total hip arthroplasty: do we have a new concept? An update on anatomy, function and clinical outcomes.EFORT open reviews · 2025Article
- Musculoskeletal mimics of lumbosacral radiculopathy.Muscle & nerve · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection for sciatic neuropathy caused by piriformis rhabdomyolysis: A case report.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Interrater Reliability of Sonographic Measurements of Muscle Thickness of 38 Piriformis Muscles in 19 Patients with Piriformis Syndrome.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Deep Gluteal syndrome: An underestimated cause of posterior hip pain.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2024Review
- A controlled clinical trial investigating the effects of stretching and compression exercises on electromyography of calf muscles in chronic LBP patients with a deep gluteal syndrome.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Division of neuromuscular compartments and localization of the center of the intramuscular nerve-dense region in pelvic wall muscles based on Sihler's staining.Anatomical science international · 2024Article
- Use of Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Piriformis Syndrome: A Review for Rehabilitation Providers.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Approach to Lower Limb Entrapment Neuropathies: A Narrative Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Dry Needling Therapy and Exercise in Piriformis Muscle Syndrome.Cureus · 2023Article
- Cachexia, chorea, and pain in chronic nonbacterial osteitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Association of Piriformis Thickness, Hip Muscle Strength, and Low Back Pain Patients with and without Piriformis Syndrome in Malaysia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A human donor (cadaveric) observation study of three needle placements in the piriformis muscle.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2023Observational
- Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Botulinum Toxin, Ozone, and Lidocaine in Piriformis Syndrome.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo update the evidence on the clinical features of the piriformis syndrome since the first systematic review published in 2010.
methodA systematic review of all case, cross-sectional and prevalence studies.
resultsThe commonest features reported were: buttock pain, pain aggravated on sitting, external tenderness near the greater sciatic notch and pain on any maneuver that increases piriformis muscle tension, and limitation of straight leg raising. The quality of case reports since the previous review has not improved with considerable under-reporting of presumed negative tests. Three recent cross-sectional and prevalence studies have been reported, but the two larger studies are at high risk of bias.
conclusionsPiriformis syndrome can be defined by a quartet of symptoms and signs. Many physical tests have been described, but the accuracy of these tests and the symptoms cannot be concluded from studies to date. Straight leg raising does not rule out the diagnosis. Piriformis syndrome is at a stage previously encountered with herniated intervertebral disc: that piriformis muscle pathology can cause sciatica has been demonstrated, but its prevalence among low back pain and sciatica sufferers and the diagnostic accuracy of clinical features requires cross-sectional studies free of incorporation and verification biases. One small cross-sectional study provides an encouraging example of how such studies could be conducted but would need replication in a broader population and better reporting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.