ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2017
A Retrospective Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Leflunomide in Dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retrospective evaluation of leflunomide as second-line immunosuppressive therapy in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin: 18 cases (2018-2025).Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Complete MRI-confirmed remission of presumptive meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in a Chihuahua using a steroid-free combination of leflunomide and mycophenolate mofetil.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Acquired Myasthenia Gravis in a Juvenile Australian Shepherd Dog and Efficacy of Leflunomide Treatment.Case reports in veterinary medicine · 2025Article
- Case Report: Fatal presumptive idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis secondary to standard-dose leflunomide administration in a dog.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Leflunomide-Induced Weight Loss: Involvement of DAHPS Activity and Synthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Treatment with Leflunomide in Conjunction with Glucocorticoids for Dogs with Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis Is Not Associated with Improved Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 93 Dogs from Australia (2017-2024).Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Case report: Antibodies to myelin basic protein in a podenco-crossbreed dog with seizures.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Retrospective evaluation of prognosis and survival with various immunosuppressants in 82 dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (2010-2021).BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drug protocols in the treatment of canine primary immune thrombocytopenia, a scoping review.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2021Article
- Evaluation of membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange as adjunctive treatment for immune-mediated hematologic disorders in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of cyclosporine and leflunomide in treating inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature dachshunds.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
- ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2019Article
- Immune-Mediated Central Nervous System Disease-Current Knowledge and Recommendations.Topics in companion animal medicine · 2019Review
- ACVIM consensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low-grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle clinical information is available concerning the use of leflunomide in dogs with immune-mediated diseases.
objectivesTo report the safety and efficacy of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune-mediated diseases in dogs. ANIMALS: Ninety-two dogs treated with leflunomide for management of suspected immune-mediated diseases.
methodsRetrospective medical record review from Jan 1995 to Dec 2014. Data that were extracted from the medical records included signalment, body weight, underlying indication for leflunomide, dosage of leflunomide, treatment duration, concurrent medications, treatment response, and adverse events.
resultsAdverse events that could be related to leflunomide administration included diarrhea (3 of 92, 3.3%), lethargy (2 of 92, 2.2%), unexplained hemorrhage (3 of 92, 3.3%), thrombocytopenia (2 of 31, 6.5%), and increased liver enzyme activities (1 of 16, 6.3%). Significant dose differences between dogs with adverse events (n = 11; median, 2.9 mg/kg/d; range, 1.8-3.6 mg/kg/d) and dogs without adverse events (n = 81; median, 1.6 mg/kg/d; range, 0.8-4.3 mg/kg/d) were found (P < 0.001). Treatment response could be evaluated in 17 dogs. Of these 17 dogs, 12 dogs (70.5%) had an apparent positive response to the use of leflunomide. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) in dosages between dogs that responded to leflunomide (n = 12; median, 1.9 mg/kg/d; range, 1.0-3.5 mg/kg/d) and those that did not respond (n = 5; median, 1.7 mg/kg/d; range, 1.0-2.0 mg/kg/d). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results suggest that the starting dosage of leflunomide should be 2 mg/kg/d rather than the currently suggested dosage of 3-4 mg/kg/d.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.