Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28833448›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2018

A chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for spectral selection in fluorine-19 MRI.

Kai D Ludwig, Diego Hernando, Nathan T Roberts, Ruud B van Heeswijk, Sean B Fain

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Radial Hadamard-encodedMagma (New York, N.Y.) · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Molecular imaging and biology · 2022
    Article
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  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kai D LudwigMedical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9867-9346
Diego HernandoMedical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Nathan T RobertsRadiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ruud B van HeeswijkRadiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Sean B FainMedical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · USUniversity of Lausanne · CH

Funding

Viral VectorP30CA086862 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Douglas Robert Spitz · 2000 to 2026
$70.0M
Institutional Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000427 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DREZNER, MARC KENNETH · 2012 to 2016
$32.2M
U.W. RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES TRAINING PROGRAMT32CA009206 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Bryan Patrick Bednarz · 1985 to 2026
$12.1M
NRSA Training CoreTL1TR002375 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Vivek Prabhakaran · 2017 to 2026
$8.4M
Using MRI To Visualize Regional Therapy Response In Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisR01HL126771 · NHLBI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Bastiaan Driehuys · 2015 to 2026
$6.6M
Institutional Clinical and Translational Science AwardTL1TR000429 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DREZNER, MARC KENNETH · 2012 to 2016
$1.5M
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR000429NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR002375NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000427NCI NIH HHS P30 CA086862NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009206NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL126771
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop a chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for fluorine-19 MRI of perfluorocarbons in the presence of multiple known fluorinated chemical species. THEORY AND

methodsA multi-echo CSE technique is applied for spectral separation of the perfluorocarbon perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE) and isoflurane (ISO) based on their chemical shifts at 4.7 T. Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis is used to identify echo combinations with optimal signal-to-noise performance. Signal contributions are fit with a multispectral fluorine signal model using a non-linear least squares estimation reconstruction directly from k-space data. This CSE approach is tested in fluorine-19 phantoms and in a mouse with a 2D and 3D spoiled gradient-echo acquisition using multiple echo times determined from Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis.

resultsCramér-Rao lower bound analysis for PFCE and ISO separation shows signal-to-noise performance is maximized with a 0.33 ms echo separation. A linear behavior (R

conclusionFeasibility of a gradient-echo CSE acquisition and image reconstruction approach with optimized noise performance is demonstrated through fluorine-19 MRI of PFCE with effective removal of ISO signal contributions. Magn Reson Med 79:2183-2189, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Indexed as

Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance ImagingAnimalsComputer SimulationContrast MediaCrown EthersFluorocarbonsHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedIsofluraneLinear ModelsMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLModels, StatisticalPhantoms, ImagingContrast MediaCrown EthersFluorocarbonsIsofluraneperfluoro-15-crown-5-etherchemical shift encodingfluorine-19magnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID28833448
PMCPMC5811371
OpenAlexW2745588254

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.