ArticleScientific reports2017
Caesarean Section is associated with reduced perinatal cytokine response, increased risk of bacterial colonization in the airway, and infantile wheezing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between caesarean birth and childhood acute respiratory infection in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of population-based data.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- The fetal exposome: cellular and epigenetic programming of neonatal immune function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Rising Global Cesarean Section Rates and Their Impact on Maternal and Child Health: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association of cesarean section with asthma and atopic dermatitis in infants from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Air pollution as an early determinant of COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Time-Specific Factors Influencing the Development of Asthma in Children.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Serum cytokines are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and not with methylmercury measured in infant cord blood in the Seychelles child development study.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Review
- Searching for host immune-microbiome mechanisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative literature review and future directions.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences Shaping the Neonatal Immune System: A Focus on Asthma and Allergy Origins.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Early life microbial exposures and allergy risks: opportunities for prevention.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
- Anesthesia technique and serum cytokine concentrations in the elective cesarean section.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2021Article
- Influences of Maternal Factors Over Offspring Allergies and the Application for Food Allergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?The Journal of physiology · 2018Review
- TLR Activation and Allergic Disease: Early Life Microbiome and Treatment.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relationship between cesarean section (CS) and allergic disorders such as asthma and wheezing has been inconsistent, and the mechanisms for their connection remained largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether CS is associated with infantile wheeze and to explore the connection between CS and several risk factors known to correlate with allergy development. Mononuclear cells were isolated from cord blood and assessed for cytokine responses by ELISA. Bacteria from nasopharyngeal specimens were identified with traditional culture methods. Infant lung function tests were performed at 6 and 12 months of age. IgE levels and clinical outcomes were assessed at 12 months. The result showed that children delivered by CS were associated with increased risk of wheezing (aHR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.01-2.62) and decreased compliance of the respiratory system at 12 months (p = 0.045). In addition, CS was associated with reduced TLR1-2- triggered TNF-α and IL-6 responses at birth. By12 months of age, children delivered by CS had significantly less airway bacterial clearance. Our findings suggested that CS was associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine response to TLR1-2 stimulation, followed by higher abundance of bacterial colonization in the airway during late infancy, thus increasing the risk of infantile wheezing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.