ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2017
High Prevalence of Anemia but Low Level of Iron Deficiency in Preschool Children during a Low Transmission Period of Malaria in Rural Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood malnutrition, rickets, and anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on global prevalence, determinants, and public health implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting-Anemia and Wasting-Anemia Comorbidities and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children Under 5 in the Least-Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, spatial distribution, and determinants of anemia among under-five children in the Democratic Republic of Congo: evidence from the 2023-24 DHS.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Children Under Five Years at Luwero General Hospital, Uganda.Journal of blood medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Diagnostic Performance of Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in High-Altitude Populations: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Revisiting PINI Scoring in Light of Recent Biological Advances.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Exploration of the relationship between anemia and iron and zinc deficiencies in children under 5 years of age living in the malaria endemic area of South Kivu/Democratic Republic of Congo.Annals of hematology · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Under-5 Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Global pediatric health · 2022Review
- Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Anemia · 2022Review
- Article
- Asymptomatic SubmicroscopicThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Early Childhood Anemia in a Birth Cohort in Coastal Kenya: Links to Infection and Nutrition.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Impact of subsidized fortified wheat on anaemia in pregnant Indian women.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Malaria and Iron Load at the First Antenatal Visit in the Rural South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Is Iron Supplementation Safe or Could It Be Harmful?The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Malaria Is More Prevalent Than Iron Deficiency among Anemic Pregnant Women at the First Antenatal Visit in Rural South Kivu.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anemia is a worldwide public health concern especially in preschool children in developing countries and iron deficiency (ID) is generally assumed to cause at least 50% of the cases. However, data on this contribution are scarce. To close this gap, we determined in 2013 the contribution of ID in the etiology of anemia and measured others factors associated to noniron deficiency anemia (NIDA) in 900 preschool children randomly selected during a two-stage cluster nutritional survey in the Miti-Murhesa health zone, in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. In these children, we collected sociodemographic, clinical, and biological parameters and determined the nutritional status according to the World Health Organization 2006 standards. Anemia was defined as altitude-adjusted hemoglobin < 110 g/L and ID was defined as serum ferritin < 12 μg/L or < 30 μg/L in the absence or presence of inflammation, respectively. Median (interquartile range) age was 29.4 (12-45) months. The prevalence of anemia was 46.6% (391/838) among whom only 16.5% (62/377) had ID. Among children without signs of inflammation, only 4.4% (11/251) met the ferritin-based (unadjusted) definition of ID. Logistic regression analysis identified ID, history of fever during the last 2 weeks and mid-upper arm circumference < 125 mm as the only independent factors associated to anemia. In conclusion, anemia is a severe public health problem in the Miti-Murhesa health zone, but NIDA is mostly predominant and needs to be further studied. Control of infections and prevention of acute undernutrition (wasting) are some of appropriate interventions to reduce the burden anemia in this region.
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