Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28828064›Full record

ArticleJournal of children's orthopaedics2017

Increasing rates of surgical treatment for paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures: a National Database Study from 2000 to 2012.

A I Cruz, J E Kleiner, S F DeFroda, J A Gil, A H Daniels, C P Eberson

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of children's orthopaedics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Influence of elastic stable intramedullary nailing on fracture reduction of paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Epidemiology and treatment of forearm fractures in Swedish children and adolescents.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025
    Observational
  6. Review
  7. Cast Wedging to Correct Fracture Angulation: Tips and Tricks.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Clinical consequence of the 4-week X-ray control after ESIN osteosynthesis of forearm fractures in children.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Inequalities in Pediatric Fracture Care Timeline Based on Insurance Type.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

A I CruzDepartment of Orthopaedics, Division of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
J E KleinerDepartment of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
S F DeFrodaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
J A GilDepartment of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
A H DanielsDepartment of Orthopaedics, Division of Spine Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
C P EbersonDepartment of Orthopaedics, Division of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Brown University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

forearmPurpose fractures are one of the most commonly sustained injuries in children and are often treated non-operatively. The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate of inpatient surgical treatment of paediatric forearm fractures over time using a large, publicly available, national database.

methodsThe Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was evaluated between 2000 and 2012. Forearm fractures and surgeries were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) diagnosis and procedure codes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine variables associated with greater proportion of surgical treatment. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS statistical software v.9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

resultsThe database identified 30 936 forearm fracture admissions. Overall, 19 837 of these patients were treated surgically (64.12%). The percentage of patients treated with surgery increased from 59.3% in 2000 to 70.0% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis found increased age (p < 0.001), more recent year (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.003) and admission to a children's hospital (p < 0.001) were associated with an increased proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment. Medicaid payer status was associated with a lower proportion of surgical treatment (p < 0.001).

conclusionsThe rate of operative treatment for paediatric forearm fractures admitted to the hospital increased over time. Increased surgical rates were associated with older age, male gender, treatment at a children's hospital and non-Medicaid insurance status.

Indexed as

childrenfixationtraumaupper extremity

Identifiers

PMID28828064
PMCPMC5548036
OpenAlexW2615003910

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.