ArticleScientific reports2017
Functional and proteomic analysis of Ceratonova shasta (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) polar capsules reveals adaptations to parasitism.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- That Stinging Sensation: Modularity and the Origin of the Stinging Cell.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Review
- Sustained production and purification ofParasitology · 2025Article
- Comparative transcriptomics reveal stage-dependent parasitic adaptations in the myxozoan Sphaerospora molnari.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- The Molecular Mechanisms Employed by the ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Myxobolus planilizae n. sp. (Cnidaria; Myxosporea; Myxobolidae) Infecting the Largescale Mullet Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) Collected From Cochin Backwaters, India.Acta parasitologica · 2023Article
- Review
- Transcriptomic Insights into the Diversity and Evolution of Myxozoa (Cnidaria, Endocnidozoa) Toxin-like Proteins.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Article
- Quantitative Insights into the Contribution of Nematocysts to the Adaptive Success of Cnidarians Based on Proteomic Analysis.Biology · 2022Article
- Know your enemy - transcriptome of myxozoanParasitology · 2021Article
- The myxozoan minicollagen gene repertoire was not simplified by the parasitic lifestyle: computational identification of a novel myxozoan minicollagen gene.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Review
- Comparative transcriptomics and host-specific parasite gene expression profiles inform on drivers of proliferative kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Proteases as Therapeutic Targets Against the Parasitic CnidarianFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- The cnidarian parasitePeerJ · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates the Key Responses of BryozoanInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- A genome wide survey reveals multiple nematocyst-specific genes in Myxozoa.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myxozoa is a diverse, speciose group of microscopic parasites, recently placed within the phylum Cnidaria. Myxozoans are highly reduced in size and complexity relative to free-living cnidarians, yet they have retained specialized organelles known as polar capsules, akin to the nematocyst stinging capsules of free-living species. Whereas in free-living cnidarians the stinging capsules are used for prey capture or defense, in myxozoans they have the essential function of initiating the host infection process. To explore the evolutionary adaptation of polar capsules to parasitism, we used as a model organism Ceratonova shasta, which causes lethal disease in salmonids. Here, we report the first isolation of C. shasta myxospore polar capsules using a tailored dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic chip. Using electron microscopy and functional analysis we demonstrated that C. shasta tubules have no openings and are likely used to anchor the spore to the host. Proteomic analysis of C. shasta polar capsules suggested that they have retained typical structural and housekeeping proteins found in nematocysts of jellyfish, sea anemones and Hydra, but have lost the most important functional group in nematocysts, namely toxins. Our findings support the hypothesis that polar capsules and nematocysts are homologous organelles, which have adapted to their distinct functions.
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