SynthesisScientific reports2017
Ecological effects of full and partial protection in the crowded Mediterranean Sea: a regional meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A meta-analysis reveals edge effects within marine protected areas.Nature ecology & evolution · 2021Pooled it
- Measuring biological effectiveness across a very large, coherent network of coastal marine protected areas.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Diversity and Distribution of IntertidalPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sustainable tourism in the Tremiti Islands (South Italy).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Small-scale fisheries catch more threatened elasmobranchs inside partially protected areas than in unprotected areas.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals and unpacks a biodiversity conservation paradox in Mediterranean marine reserves.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Exceptionally high but still growing predatory reef fish biomass after 23 years of protection in a Marine Protected Area.PloS one · 2021Article
- The Aichi Biodiversity Targets: achievements for marine conservation and priorities beyond 2020.PeerJ · 2020Article
- Protection reveals density-dependent dynamics in fish populations: A case study in the central Mediterranean.PloS one · 2020Article
- A fast-moving target: achieving marine conservation goals under shifting climate and policies.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2020Article
- Are river protected areas sufficient for fish conservation? Implications from large-scale hydroacoustic surveys in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.BMC ecology · 2019Article
- European spiny lobster recovery from overfishing enhanced through active restocking in Fully Protected Areas.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Addressing Criticisms of Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas.Bioscience · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a cornerstone of marine conservation. Globally, the number and coverage of MPAs are increasing, but MPA implementation lags in many human-dominated regions. In areas with intense competition for space and resources, evaluation of the effects of MPAs is crucial to inform decisions. In the human-dominated Mediterranean Sea, fully protected areas occupy only 0.04% of its surface. We evaluated the impacts of full and partial protection on biomass and density of fish assemblages, some commercially important fishes, and sea urchins in 24 Mediterranean MPAs. We explored the relationships between the level of protection and MPA size, age, and enforcement. Results revealed significant positive effects of protection for fisheries target species and negative effects for urchins as their predators benefited from protection. Full protection provided stronger effects than partial protection. Benefits of full protection for fish biomass were only correlated with the level of MPA enforcement; fish density was higher in older, better enforced, and -interestingly- smaller MPAs. Our finding that even small, well-enforced, fully protected areas can have significant ecological effects is encouraging for "crowded" marine environments. However, more data are needed to evaluate sufficient MPA sizes for protecting populations of species with varying mobility levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.