ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Brief Report: Lopinavir Hair Concentrations Are the Strongest Predictor of Viremia in HIV-Infected Asian Children and Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05333679 (Urine Tenofovir Point-of-care Test to Identify Patients in Need of ART Adherence Support), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Urine Tenofovir Point-of-care Test to Identify Patients in Need of ART Adherence Support (UTRA Study)
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of darunavir and lopinavir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Factors Influencing Adherence to Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Oman.Cureus · 2026Article
- Incidence and predictors of virological failure among HIV infected children and adolescents receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda, a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Feasibility of remote self-collection of dried blood spots, hair, and nails among people with HIV with hazardous alcohol use.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Relationship Dynamics are Associated with Self-Reported Adherence but not an Objective Adherence Measure in Malawi.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Hair Zidovudine Concentrations Predict Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Article
- Tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations in hair are comparable between individuals on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus tenofovir alafenamide-based ART.Drug testing and analysis · 2021Article
- Association of Hair Concentrations of Antiretrovirals with Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Article
- LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Social Support Mitigates Negative Impact of Food Insecurity on Antiretroviral Adherence Among Postpartum Women in Western Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Approaches to Objectively Measure Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Drive Adherence Interventions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Tenofovir concentrations in hair strongly predict virologic suppression in breastfeeding women.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Measuring Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy via Hair Concentrations in India.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Antiretroviral Concentrations in Hair Strongly Predict Virologic Response in a Large Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment-naive Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Antiretroviral drug concentrations in hair are associated with virologic outcomes among young people living with HIV in Tanzania.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Development and validation of an assay to analyze atazanavir in human hair via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2018Article
- Adherence Measurements in HIV: New Advancements in Pharmacologic Methods and Real-Time Monitoring.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren/adolescents display suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and outcomes versus adults. Hair ART concentrations are objective adherence measures that predict viremia in adults but longitudinal data on hair levels in pediatric populations is limited. We assessed the predictive utility of hair lopinavir (LPV) levels on viremia among youth on second-line ART.
methodsWe examined predictors of viremia (HIV-1 RNA >400 and >1000 copies/mL) at least 24 weeks after switch to LPV-based second-line ART in a cohort of HIV-infected Asian children followed between 2011 and 2014. Small hair samples, HIV-1 RNA, and self-reported adherence were collected biannually. Hair concentrations of LPV were measured through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using validated methods. Time-to-first viremia was examined using discrete-time Cox models.
resultsOverall, 244 children met the inclusion criteria for the present analysis. Approximately half (55%) were boys and the median age 10 years [interquartile range (IQR) 7-13]; 40% were older than 11 years. At switch to second-line ART, median CD4 count was 300 (IQR 146-547) cells/mm and median HIV-RNA level was 5.0 (IQR 4.3-5.6) log10/mL. Median time of study follow-up was 48 weeks and a median of 3 (range 1-5) hair samples were collected from each participant. Adjusting for age, sex, country, self-reported adherence, CD4, and HIV-RNA, higher LPV hair concentrations were the strongest predictor of lower odds of viremia (HIV-RNA >400 copies/mL adjusted odds ratio = 0.41 per doubling in hair concentration, 95% confidence interval: 0.29 to 0.58, P < 0.001; HIV-RNA >1000 copies/mL, adjusted odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.45 to 0.65, P < 0.001).
conclusionsHair concentrations predict viremia among children with HIV on second-line ART and could guide clinical decisions for this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.