SynthesisJournal of graduate medical education2017
Reflection as a Learning Tool in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of graduate medical education, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Tools for measuring curriculum integration in health professions' education: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2024Pooled it
- Is reflection like soap? a critical narrative umbrella review of approaches to reflection in medical education research.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2022Pooled it
- Integrating formative and summative feedback in online situational judgement tests: effects of feedback design on medical students' motivational and cognitive learning factors.Medical education online · 2026Trial
- The application of quality control circle activities in the management of clinical undergraduate pediatric internship teaching.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- The effects of an educational intervention on reducing stigma among medical students toward patients with psychiatric disorders.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Docendo discimus: promoting patient personhood in clinical supervision - a critical phenomenological study of reciprocal professional formation in medicine.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Article
- An Exploration of Psychiatry Residents' Morbidity and Mortality Education Through a Structured Curriculum to Teach Self-Reflection, Accountability, and Systems-Based Learning.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Article
- The effect of surgical complications on trauma and orthopaedic trainees.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2026Article
- Making Reflective Practice by Interns Visible Through Digital Storytelling.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Engaging intersectionality in medical education.Canadian medical education journal · 2026Review
- Individual and group reflection in lecture-based large groups lead to comparable learning success.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Systems thinking as the integrative competency in undergraduate Family Medicine education: a cross-sectional evaluation of an integrated primary care block.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Designing for generalism, courage, and systems: a curriculum scholarship account of an integrated family medicine and primary care block.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Balancing act-ethnic minority trainees' coping strategies in Dutch GP-specialty training-a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- "It turns out I was wrong": a thematic analysis of medical students' reflective writing in an e-learning course on communication skills.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Reducing Harm in Cultural Transition: Repurposing the 5 Stages of Grief Model for Global Health Experiences.Journal of graduate medical education · 2025Article
- Application of AI Communication Training Tools in Medical Undergraduate Education: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study Within a Primary Care Context.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
- 'I Feel Like It Was a Springboard for Certain Changes in My Life': A Qualitative Analysis of Medicine and Health Sciences Students' Experiences of Lifestyle Medicine Education.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Utilizing natural language processing to analyze student narrative reflections for medical curriculum improvement.Medical teacher · 2025Article
- Developing the Next Generation of Physician Changemakers: "You Have to Love the People, and Love the Process".Cureus · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGraduate medical education programs employ reflection to advance a range of outcomes for physicians in training. However, the most effective applications of this tool have not been fully explored.
objectiveA systematic review of the literature examined interventions reporting the use of reflection in graduate medical education.
methodsThe authors searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ERIC for studies of reflection as a teaching tool to develop medical trainees' capacities. Key words and subject headings included
resultsOutcomes studied encompassed the impact of reflection on empathy, comfort with learning in complex situations, and engagement in the learning process. Reflection increased learning of complex subjects and deepened professional values. It appears to be an effective tool for improving attitudes and comfort when exploring difficult material. Limitations include that most studies had small samples, used volunteers, and did not measure behavioral outcomes.
conclusionsCritical reflection is a tool that can amplify learning in residents and fellows. Added research is needed to understand how reflection can influence growth in professional capacities and patient-level outcomes in ways that can be measured.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.