ArticleThe Journal of reproduction and development2017
Efficient and scheduled production of pseudopregnant female mice for embryo transfer by estrous cycle synchronization.
Article in The Journal of reproduction and development, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preparation of Pseudopregnant Recipient Females Using Female Mice (Mus musculus) Showing Nonestrous Signs: Investigation of a Unique Approach Based on the Whitten Effect.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- A Neutrophil Storage Pool in the Fetal Liver is the Principal Source of the Postnatal Neutrophil Surge.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Influencing and Regulating the Estrous Cycle in Outbred CD1 Laboratory Mice (Mus musculus).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Advancing 3Rs: The Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) as a Low-Stress, Painless, and Efficient Tool for Estrus Determination in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Naturally sterile Mus spretus hybrids are suitable for the generation of pseudopregnant embryo transfer recipients.Lab animal · 2024Article
- A combined treatment with progesterone, anti-inhibin serum, and equine chorionic gonadotropin improves number of ovulated oocytes in young C57BL/6J mice.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2023Article
- Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2023Article
- Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S in EAE model of multiple sclerosis.Cell and tissue research · 2023Article
- Use of anti-inhibin monoclonal antibody for increasing the litter size of mouse strains and its application to in vivo-genome editing technology†.Biology of reproduction · 2022Article
- Easy and quick (EQ) sperm freezing method for urgent preservation of mouse strains.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Development of assisted reproductive technologies in small animal species for their efficient preservation and production.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2020Review
- C57BL/6J and B6129F1 Embryo Transfer: Unilateral and Bilateral Transfer, Embryo Number and Recipient Female Background Control for the Optimization of Embryo Survival and Litter Size.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Intravaginal Progesterone Application as an Efficient and Reproducible Tool for Synchronizing the Mouse Estrous Cycle.Reproductive medicine and biologyArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In embryo transfer experiments in mice, pseudopregnant females as recipients are prepared by sterile mating with vasectomized males. Because only females at the proestrus stage accept males, such females are selected from a stock of animals based on the appearance of their external genital tract. Therefore, the efficiency of preparing pseudopregnant females largely depends on the size of female colonies and the skill of the operators who select females for sterile mating. In this study, we examined whether the efficiency of preparing pseudopregnant females could be improved by applying an estrous cycle synchronization method by progesterone (P4) pretreatment, which significantly enhances the superovulation outcome in mice. We confirmed that after two daily injections of P4 (designated Days 1 and 2) in randomly selected females, the estrous cycles of most females (about 85%) were synchronized at metestrus on Day 3. When P4-treated females were paired with vasectomized males for 4 days (Days 4-8), a vaginal plug was found in 63% (20/32) of the females on Day 7. After the transfer of vitrified-warmed embryos into their oviducts, 52% (73/140) of the embryos successfully developed into offspring, the rate being comparable to that of the conventional embryo transfer procedure. Similarly, 77% (24/31) of females became pregnant by fertile mating with intact males for 3 days, which allowed the scheduled preparation of foster mothers. Thus, our estrous cycle synchronization method may omit the conventional experience-based process of visually observing the vagina to choose females for embryo transfer. Furthermore, it is expected that the size of female stocks for recipients can be reduced to less than 20%, which could be a great advantage for facilities/laboratories undertaking mouse-assisted reproductive technology.
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Registered trials
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