ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2017
Role of Food Insecurity in Outbreak of Anthrax Infections among Humans and Hippopotamuses Living in a Game Reserve Area, Rural Zambia.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Illegal urban wild meat supply chain characterization: A case study on zoonosis in Lusaka, Zambia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on anthrax in selected game management areas in Zambia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anthrax among affected communities, Kazo district, South-Western uganda, May 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Anthrax, livelihood vulnerability, and food insecurity in selected game management areas in Zambia: A mixed-methods analysis at the human-wildlife-livestock interface.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Integrating socio-ecosystemic factors in One Health approaches: a scoping review in zoonotic disease research.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Syndemic Challenges: Addressing the Resurgence of Mpox Amidst Concurrent Outbreaks in the DRC.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Review
- One Health: a holistic approach for food safety in livestock.Science in One Health · 2022Review
- Review
- Wildmeat consumption and zoonotic spillover: contextualising disease emergence and policy responses.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2022Review
- Cutaneous anthrax associated with handling carcasses of animals that died suddenly of unknown cause: Arua District, Uganda, January 2015-August 2017.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The pattern of anthrax at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in Zimbabwe.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Konzo outbreak in the Western Province of Zambia.Neurology · 2020Article
- Anthrax Epizootic in Wildlife, Bwabwata National Park, Namibia, 2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Recurrent Anthrax Outbreaks in Humans, Livestock, and Wildlife in the Same Locality, Kenya, 2014-2017.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In September 2011, a total of 511 human cases of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) infection and 5 deaths were reported in a game management area in the district of Chama, Zambia, near where 85 hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibious) had recently died of suspected anthrax. The human infections generally responded to antibiotics. To clarify transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional, interviewer-administered household survey in villages where human anthrax cases and hippopotamuses deaths were reported. Among 284 respondents, 84% ate hippopotamus meat before the outbreak. Eating, carrying, and preparing meat were associated with anthrax infection. Despite the risk, 23% of respondents reported they would eat meat from hippopotamuses found dead again because of food shortage (73%), lack of meat (12%), hunger (7%), and protein shortage (5%). Chronic food insecurity can lead to consumption of unsafe foods, leaving communities susceptible to zoonotic infection. Interagency cooperation is necessary to prevent outbreaks by addressing the root cause of exposure, such as food insecurity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.