ArticleBiology of sex differences2017
Sex chromosomes drive gene expression and regulatory dimorphisms in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Sex differences in human pre-gastrulation embryos.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
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- Stem cell transcriptional profiles from mouse subspecies reveal cis-regulatory evolution at translation genes.Heredity · 2024Article
- Using Organoids to Model Sex Differences in the Human Brain.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Review
- Paternal impact on the developmental programming of sexual dimorphism.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- Comparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Genetic dissection of the pluripotent proteome through multi-omics data integration.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Genetic variation in the Y chromosome and sex-biased DNA methylation in somatic cells in the mouse.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2023Article
- Allele-specific differential regulation of monoallelically expressed autosomal genes in the cardiac lineage.Nature communications · 2022Article
- X chromosome agents of sexual differentiation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Sex-biased and parental allele-specific gene regulation by KDM6A.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traits.BMC biology · 2022Review
- The Placenta's Role in Sexually Dimorphic Fetal Growth Strategies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Characterising sex differences of autosomal DNA methylation in whole blood using the Illumina EPIC array.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- Elastic dosage compensation by X-chromosome upregulation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The relationship between sugar-sweetened beverages, sleep disorders, and diabesity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPre-implantation embryos exhibit sexual dimorphisms in both primates and rodents. To determine whether these differences reflected sex-biased expression patterns, we generated transcriptome profiles for six 40,XX, six 40,XY, and two 39,X mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by RNA sequencing.
resultsWe found hundreds of coding and non-coding RNAs that were differentially expressed between male and female cells. Surprisingly, the majority of these were autosomal and included RNA encoding transcription and epigenetic and chromatin remodeling factors. We showed differential Prdm14-responsive enhancer activity in male and female cells, correlating with the sex-specific levels of Prdm14 expression. This is the first time sex-specific enhancer activity in ES cells has been reported. Evaluation of X-linked gene expression patterns between our XX and XY lines revealed four distinct categories: (1) genes showing 2-fold greater expression in the female cells; (2) a set of genes with expression levels well above 2-fold in female cells; (3) genes with equivalent RNA levels in male and female cells; and strikingly, (4) a small number of genes with higher expression in the XY lines. Further evaluation of autosomal gene expression revealed differential expression of imprinted loci, despite appropriate parent-of-origin patterns. The 39,X lines aligned closely with the XY cells and provided insights into potential regulation of genes associated with Turner syndrome in humans. Moreover, inclusion of the 39,X lines permitted three-way comparisons, delineating X and Y chromosome-dependent patterns.
conclusionsOverall, our results support the role of the sex chromosomes in establishing sex-specific networks early in embryonic development and provide insights into effects of sex chromosome aneuploidies originating at those stages.
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