SynthesisJournal of foot and ankle research2017
The typically developing paediatric foot: how flat should it be? A systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Foot orthoses for flexible flatfeet in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-reported outcomes.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of therapeutic footwear for children: A systematic review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2020Pooled it
- The association between body fat and musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Paediatric flexible flat foot: how are we measuring it and are we getting it right? A systematic review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2018Pooled it
- Intrinsic vs. combined foot muscle strengthening for pes planovalgus in children aged 4-7 years: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Ankle muscle strength, joint hypermobility, and foot posture in children aged 5-10 years: A cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Comparison of Arch Index Derived from Optical Pedography and Barometric Platform in Children: A Method Agreement Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Explainable AI-based clinical decision support system for flatfoot classification using deep learning.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Sedentary behavior and early childhood health: associations between screen exposure, body mass index, and foot arch structure in preschool children.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- School-based screening for scoliosis and foot biomechanical abnormalities: a study of prevalence, plantar pressure, and gait among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Development of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot in Czech Pre- and Primary School Children-A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Approach.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic Implications of Bilateral Foot Pattern Variability in Schoolchildren.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The association between foot morphological development and bone maturation in children: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Subtalar Joint Statistical Shape Modeling Differentiates Cavus-to-Planus Foot Types From Weightbearing CT.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Association between pediatric obesity and foot morphology: insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study using photogrammetry.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Implant Migration and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot Treated with Subtalar Arthroereisis: A Cohort Study with Long-Term Follow-Up Results.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of flatfoot and gender differences in plantar pressure among third-year high school students in Tongzhou district Beijing.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAll typically developing children are born with flexible flat feet, progressively developing a medial longitudinal arch during the first decade of their lives. Whilst the child's foot is expected to be flat, there is currently no consensus as to
methodsThe PRISMA protocol was applied to compare all data currently published describing the typical development of the paediatric foot. The Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies.
resultsThirty four epidemiological papers pertaining to the development of the paediatric foot were graphically compared. Sixteen different foot posture assessments were identified of which footprint based measures were the most reported outcome.
conclusionFirstly, the use of the term
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.