ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2017
Comparison of efficacy and safety of oral agents for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Case Report: Interim success in treating pyogenic spondylitis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis using UBE technology: a rare case.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Feasibility and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of type Ⅱ/Ⅲ brucellar spondylitis.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Revisiting Cryptocyanine Dye, NK-4, as an Old and New Drug: Review and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Adverse Drug Reactions with Drugs Used in Multiple Sclerosis: An Analysis from the Italian Pharmacovigilance Database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Review
- Preliminary Results of the FASM Study, an On-Going Italian Active Pharmacovigilance Project.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- Assessment of safety and effectiveness of oral multiple sclerosis medication.Saudi medical journal · 2019Article
- Long-Term Treatment Strategies of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Including the use of Disease Modifying Therapies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Real-world persistence and benefit-risk profile of fingolimod over 36 months in Germany.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2019Observational
- Article
- Immunological Aspects of Approved MS Therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling by a novel agonist ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis.PloS one · 2019Article
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator ONO-4641 stimulates CD11bMucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Probability discounting of treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis: associations with disease knowledge, neuropsychiatric status, and adherence.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- A multicentric pharmacovigilance study: collection and analysis of adverse drug reactions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the therapeutic scenario of disease-modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the introduction of oral agents, starting in 2010 with fingolimod, has been a huge step forward in therapeutic options due to the easier administration route. Three oral drugs fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate, which are clinically approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, are reviewed in this work. Results of Phase III clinical trials and their extension studies showed that the three oral agents significantly reduced the annualized relapse rate - a superior efficacy compared to placebo. Fingolimod 0.5 mg consistently reduced clinical relapses and brain volume loss. In all Phase III studies, teriflunomide 14 mg dose showed a reduction in the risk of disability accumulation. Regarding safety profile, fingolimod had more safety issues than the other two agents. For this reason, it should be strictly monitored for risks of infections, cancers, and certain transitory effects such as irregular cardiac function, decreased lymphocyte count, and a higher level of liver enzymes. Adverse effects of teriflunomide are well characterized and can be considered manageable. The main risks marked with dimethyl fumarate were flushing and gastrointestinal events.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.