ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2017
Characterization of the amplificatory effect of norepinephrine in the acquisition of Pavlovian threat associations.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Article
- Anti-Hebbian plasticity in the motor cortex promotes defensive freezing.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Norepinephrine release in the cerebellum contributes to aversive learning.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Functional and phosphoproteomic analysis of β-adrenergic receptor signaling at excitatory synapses in the CA1 region of the ventral hippocampus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Behavioral and Transcriptomic Changes Following Brain-Specific Loss of Noradrenergic Transmission.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Unrelenting Fear Under Stress: Neural Circuits and Mechanisms for the Immediate Extinction Deficit.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Review
- Analysis of memory modulation by conditioned stimuli.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- Endocannabinoids, stress signaling, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system.Neurobiology of stress · 2019Review
- Effects of Noradrenergic Stimulation Upon Context-Related Extinction Learning Performance and BOLD Activation in Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Differ Between Participants Showing and Not Showing Renewal.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the retrieval-extinction effect.Psychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Noradrenergic Modulation of Fear Conditioning and Extinction.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Review
- Non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation effects on reaction time and valence image anticipation response.Brain stimulationArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The creation of auditory threat Pavlovian memory requires an initial learning stage in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, is paired with an aversive one (US), such as a shock. In this phase, the CS acquires the capacity of predicting the occurrence of the US and therefore elicits conditioned defense responses. Norepinephrine (NE), through β-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala, enhances threat memory by facilitating the acquisition of the CS-US association, but the nature of this effect has not been described. Here we show that NE release, induced by the footshock of the first conditioning trial, promotes the subsequent enhancement of learning. Consequently, blocking NE transmission disrupts multitrial but not one-trial conditioning. We further found that increasing the time between the conditioning trials eliminates the amplificatory effect of NE. Similarly, an unsignaled footshock delivered in a separate context immediately before conditioning can enhance learning. These results help define the conditions under which NE should and should not be expected to alter threat processing and fill an important gap in the understanding of the neural processes relevant to the pathophysiology of stress and anxiety disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.