ArticlePloS one2017
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm elicits the expansion, activation and polarization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vivo and in vitro.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The evolving landscape ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Integrated Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals the Diagnostic Value of Synovial Tissue Calprotectin and the MDSC-Associated Immune Microenvironment in Periprosthetic Joint Infection.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Host-directed therapeutics against antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections: emerging roles of multi-omics and systems biology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immune dysfunction during S. aureus biofilm-associated implant infections: opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Review
- Progress in Research on Macrophage Polarization Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies inInfection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- A Comparative Phenotypic and Genomic Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST45 Isolates From Cellulitis and Osteomyelitis in Taiwan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Synchronously in vivo real-time monitoring bacterial load and temperature with evaluating immune response to decipher bacterial infection.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in various diseases: a review.Archives of pharmacal research · 2024Review
- Application of the New Irrigation Protocol to Reduce Recurrence Rate in the Management Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- Human milk oligosaccharides regulate human macrophage polarization and activation in response toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Biofilms in Periprosthetic Orthopedic Infections Seen through the Eyes of Neutrophils: How Can We Help Neutrophils?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Host Immune Regulation in Implant-Associated Infection (IAI): What Does the Current Evidence Provide Us to Prevent or Treat IAI?Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bacteria and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The role of myeloid derived suppressor cells in musculoskeletal disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory biomaterials for implant-associated infections: from conventional to advanced therapeutic strategies.Biomaterials research · 2022Review
- Role of Staphylococcus aureus Formate Metabolism during Prosthetic Joint Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common causes of biofilm infections in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Accumulating evidence has shown that the immunosuppressive environment established by S. aureus biofilm infection in PJIs involves the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-macrophages. Due to the diversity of MDSCs, little is known about whether S. aureus biofilm preferentially expands specific MDSC subsets or whether MDSCs can further differentiate into M2-macrophages during S. aureus biofilm infection. Here, we show that in agreement with the results from an established rat PJI model, S. aureus biofilm cocultured with freshly isolated bone marrow cells (BMCs) in vitro significantly increases the proportions of MDSCs, total macrophages and M2-macrophages. Interestingly, we find that treatment of the BMCs in vitro with S. aureus biofilm preferentially promotes the expansion of monocytic MDSCs but not granulocytic MDSCs. Biofilm treatment also substantially enhances the overall MDSC immunosuppressive activity in addition to the MDSC expansion in vitro. Importantly, we provide evidence that S. aureus biofilm is capable of further stimulating the conversion of monocytic MDSCs into M2-macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our studies reveal a direct link between MDSCs and M2-macrophages occurring in S. aureus-associated PJIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.