ArticleScientific reports2017
An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-inducing potential of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in colon cancer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Evaluation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Necroptosis enhances 'don't eat me' signal and induces macrophage extracellular traps to promote pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its role in the tumor microenvironment: novel therapeutic avenues and mechanistic insights.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- Reduced expression of FRG1 facilitates breast cancer progression via GM-CSF/MEK-ERK axis by abating FRG1 mediated transcriptional repression of GM-CSF.Cell death discovery · 2022Article
- The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma-Recent Findings and Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Review
- Colorectal cancer extracellular acidosis decreases immune cell killing and is partially ameliorated by pH-modulating agents that modify tumor cell cytokine profiles.American journal of cancer research · 2022Article
- GM-CSF: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- TRIM24 promotes colorectal cancer cell progression via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- Article
- In respond to commensal bacteria: γδT cells play a pleiotropic role in tumor immunity.Cell & bioscience · 2021Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Regulated by ERK5 Signaling.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Review
- Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis via the CTHRC1‑AKT/ERK‑Snail signaling pathway.International journal of oncology · 2020Article
- IL-17-Producing Cells in Tumor Immunity: Friends or Foes?Immune network · 2020Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 regulates spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis by up-regulating IL-6 and GM-CSF.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Characterization of a p53/miR-34a/CSF1R/STAT3 Feedback Loop in Colorectal Cancer.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2020Article
- Tumour-derived transforming growth factor-β signalling contributes to fibrosis in patients with cancer cachexia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2019Article
- A Novel Endogenous Damage Signal, CSF-2, Activates Multiple Beneficial Functions of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has progression-promoting potentials in certain solid tumors, which is largely attributed to the immunomodulatory function of this cytokine in tumor niches. However, little is known about the effect of GM-CSF on cancer cells. Herein, we show that chronic exposure of colon cancer cells to GM-CSF, which harbor its receptor, leads to occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in time and dose-dependent manners. These GM-CSF-educated cancer cells exhibit enhanced ability of motility in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, GM-CSF stimulation renders colon cancer cells more resistant to cytotoxic agents. Mechanistic investigation reveals that MAPK/ERK signaling and EMT-inducing transcription factor ZEB1 are critical to mediate these effects of GM-CSF. In specimen of CRC patients, high-level expression of GM-CSF positively correlates with local metastases in lymph nodes. Moreover, the co-expression of GM-CSF and its receptors as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 are observed. Thus, our study for the first time identifies a progression-promoting function of GM-CSF in colon cancer by inducing EMT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.