ArticleTranslational psychiatry2017
Decreased NOX2 expression in the brain of patients with bipolar disorder: association with valproic acid prescription and substance abuse.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimodal microglial and kynurenine pathway alterations across the affective-psychosis spectrum: a systematic review of patterns, heterogeneity, and dimensional implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Glial Cell Abnormalities in Major Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review of Postmortem Brain Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Postmortem evidence of brain inflammatory markers in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- NADPH oxidases: redox regulation of cell homeostasis and disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope protein (ERVWE1) regulates macroautophagy activation and micromitophagy inhibition via NOXA1 in schizophrenia.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Bidirectional crosstalk between microglia and serotonin signaling in neuroinflammation and CNS disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The relationship of neuropsychiatric symptoms with inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and cingulate cortex of bipolar disorder subjects: A post-mortem study.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of NOX inhibitors in neuropsychiatric disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Neurocognitive Correlates of Cerebellar Volumetric Alterations in Youth with Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorders and Bipolar Offspring.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- NADPH-oxidase 4 gene over-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the schizophrenia patients.PloS one · 2022Article
- Glymphatic Dysfunction: A Bridge Between Sleep Disturbance and Mood Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Affective Immunology: The Crosstalk Between Microglia and Astrocytes Plays Key Role?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2019Review
- Microglia in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with bipolar disorder are not immune activated.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Guidelines for the Detection of NADPH Oxidases by Immunoblot and RT-qPCR.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and increased oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the development of psychiatric diseases. Animal studies have implicated NADPH oxidases (NOX) as relevant sources of reactive oxygen species in the brain. We have analyzed the expression of NOX isoforms in post-mortem brain samples from patients with psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and non-psychiatric subjects. Two collections from the Stanley Medical Research Institute were studied: the Array Collection (RNA, 35 individuals per group), and a neuropathology consortium collection (paraffin-embedded sections, 15 individuals per group). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed expression of NOX2 and NOX4 in prefrontal cortex. No impact of psychiatric disease on NOX4 levels was detected. Remarkably, the expression of NOX2 was specifically decreased in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of bipolar patients, as compared with controls and schizophrenic patients. NOX2 expression was not statistically associated with demographic parameters and post-mortem interval, but correlated with brain pH. Immunostaining demonstrated that NOX2 was predominantly expressed in microglia, which was corroborated by a decrease in the microglial markers CD68 and CD11b in the cingulate cortex of bipolar disorder patients. The analysis of potentially confounding parameters showed association of valproic acid prescription and heavy substance abuse with lower levels of NOX2. Taken together, we did not observe changes of NOX2 in schizophrenic patients, but a marked decrease of microglial markers and NOX2 in the brain of bipolar patients. This might be an underlying feature of bipolar disorder and/or a consequence of valproic acid treatment and substance abuse.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.