SynthesisBMC medicine2017
Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to reduce inequalities for pregnant women living with disadvantage in high-income countries: an umbrella review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Factors that impact on recruitment to randomised trials in health care: a qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Clinic-Based Programs to Prevent Repeat Teen Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Promoting gender equity in very young adolescents: targeting a window of opportunity for social emotional learning and identity development.BMC public health · 2021Trial
- Exploring social and public healthcare professionals' experiences providing pregnancy intentions and contraceptive counseling in the Netherlands.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Methods of Engaging Interest-Holders in Healthcare Evidence Syntheses: A Scoping Review.Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods · 2026Review
- Risk and protective factors associated with teenage pregnancy and intergenerational interventions: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A phenomenological study on recurrent teenage pregnancies in effutu municipality- Ghana.the experiences of teenage mothers.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Repeated adolescent pregnancy in Brazil from 2015 to 2019.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2023Article
- Article
- Recruiters' perspectives and experiences of trial recruitment processes: a qualitative evidence synthesis protocol.BMJ open · 2021Article
- "… I would have left that man long time ago but, …" exploring circumstances of and motivators for repeat adolescent birth in Eastern Uganda.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Prenatal environmental exposures and associations with teen births.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2021Article
- Adolescent, caregiver and community experiences with a gender transformative, social emotional learning intervention.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Stunting of children under two from repeated pregnancy among young mothers.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- A text mining approach for adapting a school-based sexual health promotion program in Colombia.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Adolescent mothers: A qualitative study on barriers and facilitators to mental health in a low-resource setting in Cape Town, South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2020Article
- Parent - adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health: the qualitative evidences from parents and students of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Reproductive health · 2020Article
- Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys.PloS one · 2020Article
- Accountability in medical education from theory to practice Tabriz 2018 statement: A step towards the implementation of this social necessity.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnintended repeat conceptions can result in emotional, psychological and educational harm to young women, often with enduring implications for their life chances. This study aimed to identify which young women are at the greatest risk of repeat unintended pregnancies; which interventions are effective and cost-effective; and what are the barriers to and facilitators for the uptake of these interventions.
methodsWe conducted a mixed-methods systematic review which included meta-analysis, framework synthesis and application of realist principles, with stakeholder input and service user feedback to address this. We searched 20 electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica database, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts and Research Papers in Economics, to cover a broad range of health, social science, health economics and grey literature sources. Searches were conducted between May 2013 and June 2014 and updated in August 2015.
resultsTwelve randomised controlled trials (RCTs), two quasi-RCTs, 10 qualitative studies and 53 other quantitative studies were identified. The RCTs evaluated psychosocial interventions and an emergency contraception programme. The primary outcome was repeat conception rate: the event rate was 132 of 308 (43%) in the intervention group versus 140 of 289 (48%) for the control group, with a non-significant risk ratio (RR) of 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.08]. Four studies reported subsequent birth rates: 29 of 237 (12%) events for the intervention arm versus 46 out of 224 (21%) for the control arm, with an RR of 0.60 (95% CI 0.39-0.93). Many repeat conceptions occurred in the context of poverty, low expectations and aspirations and negligible opportunities. Qualitative and realist evidence highlighted the importance of context, motivation, future planning and giving young women a central and active role in the development of new interventions.
conclusionsLittle or no evidence for the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of any of the interventions to reduce repeat pregnancy in young women was found. Qualitative and realist evidence helped to explain gaps in intervention design that should be addressed. More theory-based, rigorously evaluated programmes need to be developed to reduce unintended repeat pregnancy in young women.
trial registrationPROSPERO, CRD42012003168 . Cochrane registration number: i = fertility/0068.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.