Trial reportTrials2017
Changing the default for tobacco-cessation treatment in an inpatient setting: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Changing the Default for Tobacco Treatment
Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients: Efficacy of an Intensive Intervention Program Using an App
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Use of pre-enrollment randomization and delayed consent to maximize participation in a clinical trial of opt-in versus opt-out tobacco treatment.Substance abuse · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of shared decision making in tobacco cessation among health facilities of Haryana, India - A double blinded, parallel group Randomized Controlled trial Protocol.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Implementation of statistical features of a Bayesian two-armed responsive adaptive randomization trial with post hoc analysis of time trend drift.Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · 2025Article
- Using Bayesian hierarchical models for controlled post hoc subgroup analysis of clinical trials: application to smoking cessation treatment in American Indians and Alaska Natives.Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · 2024Article
- A Financial Incentives Program to Promote Smoking Cessation Among Recently Hospitalized Individuals: Feasibility and Acceptability Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Response-adaptive randomization in clinical trials: from myths to practical considerations.Statistical science : a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics · 2023Article
- Combining default choices and an encounter decision aid to improve tobacco cessation in primary care patients: protocol for a cluster-randomized trial.BMC primary care · 2022Article
- Integrating Social Determinants of Health With Tobacco Treatment for Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: Feasibility and Acceptability Study of Delivery Through Text Messaging.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Can inpatient pharmacists move the needle on smoking cessation? Evaluating reach and representativeness of a pharmacist-led opt-out smoking cessation intervention protocol for hospital settings.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2022Article
- Association between self-reported motivation to quit smoking with effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention among patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes in Switzerland.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Zelen design clinical trials: why, when, and how.Trials · 2021Review
- Presumed Consent With Opt-Out: An Ethical Consent Approach to Automatically Refer Patients With Cancer to Tobacco Treatment Services.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Article
- Physician-directed smoking cessation using patient "opt-out" approach in the emergency department: A pilot program.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2020Article
- Strategies for Referring Cancer Patients in a Smoking Cessation Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Observational
- Which hospitalized smokers receive a prescription for quit-smoking medication at discharge? A secondary analysis of a smoking cessation randomized clinical trial.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost health care providers do not treat tobacco dependence routinely. This may in part be due to the treatment "default." Current treatment guidelines recommend that providers (1) ask patients if they are willing to quit and (2) provide cessation-focused medications and counseling only to smokers who state that they are willing to quit. The default is that patients have to "opt in" to receive cessation assistance: providers ask smokers if they are willing to quit, and only offer medications and cessation support to those who say "yes." This drastically limits the reach of cessation services because, at any given encounter, only one in three smokers say that they are ready to quit. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of providing all smokers with tobacco-cessation treatment unless they refuse it (OPT OUT) versus current practice-screening for readiness and only offering treatment to smokers who say they are ready to quit (OPT IN).
methodsThis individually randomized clinical trial is conducted in a tertiary-care hospital. We will conduct the trial among up to 1000 randomly selected hospitalized smokers to determine the population impact of changing the treatment default, identify mediators of outcome, and determine the cost-effectiveness of this new, highly proactive approach. This is a population-based study that targets an endpoint of vital interest; applies minimal eligibility criteria to broaden generalizability; and utilizes hospital staff for interventions to ensure long-term sustainability. The study employs delayed consent and an innovative Bayesian adaptive design to evaluate a major shift in our approach to care. If effective, this change would expand the reach of tobacco-cessation treatment from 30% to 100% of smokers. DISCUSSION: Regardless of outcome, the trial will provide a model of how to alter and evaluate the impact of health care defaults. If OPT OUT proves to be more effective, it will expand the population eligible for cessation treatment by over 300%. It will also simplify the tobacco-cessation treatment algorithm, and relieve busy health care providers of the burden of evaluating readiness to quit.
trial registrationClinical Trials Registration, ID: NCT02721082 . Registered on 22 March 2016.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.