ArticleJournal of hypertension2018
Effects of a nationwide strategy to reduce salt intake in Samoa.
Article in Journal of hypertension, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Salt Reduction Initiatives Around the World: A Midterm Evaluation of Progress Towards the 2025 Global Non-Communicable Diseases Salt Reduction Target.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Contribution of fat, sugar and salt to diets in the Pacific Islands: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Joint Expert Consensus on the Sodium Reduction Policy in Taiwan: A Collaborative Declaration by the Taiwan Hypertension Society (THS), Taiwan Society of Cardiology (TSOC), International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), and Nutrition Society of Taiwan (NST).Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- How food regulations help or hinder the implementation of policies to promote healthy population diets: a review of food regulations in the Western Pacific Region.Public health nutrition · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a Salt-Reduction Consumer Awareness Campaign Targeted at Parents Residing in the State of Victoria, Australia.Nutrients · 2023Article
- 'Love with Less Salt': evaluation of a sodium reduction mass media campaign in China.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Dietary Patterns of 479 Indonesian Adults and Their Associations with Sodium and Potassium Intakes Estimated by Two 24-h Urine Collections.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Scaling-up food policies in the Pacific Islands: protocol for policy engagement and mixed methods evaluation of intervention implementation.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- Interventions and policies aimed at improving nutrition in Small Island Developing States: a rapid review.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Review
- Strengthening Knowledge to Practice on Effective Salt Reduction Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Current nutrition reports · 2021Review
- Barriers, Enablers, and Perceptions on Dietary Salt Reduction in the Out-of-Home Sectors: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Innovative Implementation Strategies for Hypertension Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a Narrative Review.Current hypertension reports · 2020Review
- Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples.Nutrition journal · 2019Article
- The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Review
- Mean Dietary Salt Intake in Vanuatu: A Population Survey of 755 Participants on Efate Island.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Process evaluation of Samoa's national salt reduction strategy (MASIMA): what interventions can be successfully replicated in lower-income countries?Implementation science : IS · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSalt reduction is one of the most cost-effective interventions for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, but there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of national strategies in low or lower middle income countries. This study aimed to examine the effect of an 18-month nation-wide salt reduction strategy in Samoa.
methodsTwo nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18-64 years, measuring 24-h urinary salt excretion and salt-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, were conducted before (2013) and after (2015) the intervention.
resultsThere were 234 participants at baseline (response rate 47%) and 479 at 18 months (response rate 61%). There was no change in mean population salt intake between 2013 (7.31 g/day) and 2015 (7.50 g/day) (0.19, 95% confidence interval -0.50 to 0.88; P = 0.588). There were significant changes in the proportion of the population who always or often add discretionary salt when eating (-16.2%, P = 0.002), the proportion who understood the adverse effects of salt (+9.0%, P = 0.049) and the proportion using one or more methods to control their salt intake (+20.9%, P < 0.001). A total of 73% reported that they had heard or seen the salt reduction messages.
conclusionWith widespread awareness of the salt reduction message and some improvements in salt-related knowledge and behaviours following the intervention, Samoa is now well positioned to implement much-needed structural initiatives or policies to reduce salt in the food supply.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.