ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2017
Cortical afferent inhibition abnormalities reveal cholinergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a reappraisal.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulating the cholinergic system-Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Minor hallucinations in Parkinson's disease with probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Clinical neurophysiology of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2022Review
- Neurophysiological Aspects of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD): A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Various Types of Dementia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- A Review on Tramiprosate (Homotaurine) in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder affecting, besides the dopaminergic function, multiple neurotransmission systems, including the cholinergic system. Central cholinergic circuits of human brain can be tested non-invasively by coupling peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex; this test is named short latency afferent inhibition (SAI). SAI abnormalities have been reported in PD patients with gait disturbances and many non-motor symptoms, such as visual hallucinations (VHs), REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), dysphagia, and olfactory impairment. The findings of these TMS studies strongly suggest that cholinergic degeneration is an important contributor to a number of clinical features of PD. TMS and neuropsychological raise the possibility that the presence of RBD, VHs and olfactory dysfunction indicate increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with PD. Longitudinal studies of the patients are required to verify whether SAI abnormalities can predict a future severe cognitive decline. TMS can provide simple measures that may represent suitable biomarkers of cholinergic neurotransmission in PD. SAI studies enable an early recognition of PD patients with cholinergic system degeneration, and this might allow future targeted cholinergic treatment approaches, in addition to dopaminergic therapy, to ameliorate non-motor and motor clinical symptoms in PD patients.
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