ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2018
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Exposure to Parental Substance Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Music Training on Attention in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Trial
- Association between parental ADHD and adverse offspring outcomes: Evidence from a nationwide Swedish register-based study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Youth Externalizing Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Parental education level and ADHD diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: the moderating roles of gender, age, and family history of ADHD.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Family socioeconomic status and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschool children: a cross-sectional study of 21,366 parent-child dyads in Yan'an, western China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Intersecting trajectories of childhood ADHD, socioeconomic deprivation and distinct multimorbidity patterns in women.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Observational
- The Interplay of Family Dynamics, Lifestyle, and ADHD: A Case-Control Study on Sociodemographic Risk Factors.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Review
- Association of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With Myopia Among School Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- "The Way the System is Working Out, It's Not Working at All": Parent Perspectives on Social Determinants of Health and ADHD Symptoms in Preschoolers.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Deep learning reveals that multidimensional social status drives population variation in 11,875 US participant cohort.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of online health education on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder screening results and parenting stress among school-aged children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between neighborhood deprivation and type 2 diabetes risk among ADHD patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Causality between six psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Rates of family history of autism and ADHD varies with recruitment approach and socio-economic status.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany studies have reported a higher prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among disadvantaged populations, but few have considered how parental history of ADHD might modify that relationship. We evaluated whether the prevalence of ADHD varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and parental history of ADHD in a population-sample of elementary school children age 6-14 years.
methodsWe screened all children in grades 1-5 in 17 schools in one North Carolina (U.S.) county for ADHD using teacher rating scales and 1,160 parent interviews, including an ADHD structured interview (DISC). We combined parent and teacher ratings to determine DSM-IV ADHD status. Data analysis was restricted to 967 children with information about parental history of ADHD. SES was measured by family income and respondent education.
resultsWe found an interaction between family income and parental history of ADHD diagnosis (p = .016). The SES gradient was stronger in families without a parental history and weaker among children with a parental history. Among children without a parental history of ADHD diagnosis, low income children had 6.2 times the odds of ADHD (95% CI 3.4-11.3) as high income children after adjusting for covariates. Among children with a parental history, all had over 10 times the odds of ADHD as high income children without a parental history but the SES gradient between high and low income children was less pronounced [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% CI 0.6-3.5].
conclusionsSocioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD are each strong risk factors for ADHD that interact to determine prevalence. More research is needed to dissect the components of SES that contribute to risk of ADHD. Future ADHD research should evaluate whether the strength of other environmental risk factors vary by parental history. Early identification and interventions for children with low SES or parental histories of ADHD should be explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.