ArticleBMJ open2017
HIV prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia: results from a national Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-administration of gender-affirming hormones: a systematic review of effectiveness, cost, and values and preferences of end-users and health workers.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2021Pooled it
- The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Factors Influencing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Results in Mozambique: A Multivariate Approach to Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Cultural Influences.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of HIV/AIDS Prevalence Among Transgender Populations Worldwide.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Syndemics in women's health: poverty, social exclusion, and clustering of thrombotic and hemostasis disorders.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Unique HIV Risk Factors and Prevention Needs for Transgender Women and Cisgender Men Who Have Sex with Men in Bangkok, Thailand.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Gender-affirming HIV care as a tool to end the HIV epidemic.The lancet. HIV · 2023Article
- Barriers and facilitators of post-violence help-seeking behavior among 21-49-year-old transgender women in Phnom Penh: A qualitative study.International journal of transgender health · 2023Article
- Addressing Health Inequities in Digital Clinical Trials: A Review of Challenges and Solutions From the Field of HIV Research.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of sexually transmitted infections among methamphetamine users in Eastern China: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Sexual health norms and communication patterns within the close social networks of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru: a 2017 cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Use of propensity score matching to create counterfactual group to assess potential HIV prevention interventions.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- HIV risks and recent HIV testing among transgender women in Cambodia: Findings from a national survey.PloS one · 2020Article
- High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross-sectional survey.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection among people who inject drugs in Cambodia: findings from a national survey.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2019Article
- Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among people who use drugs in Cambodia: a cross-sectional survey using respondent driven sampling method.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Access to community-based HIV services among transgender women in Cambodia: findings from a national survey.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Factors associated with condom use with non-commercial partners among sexually-active transgender women in Cambodia: findings from a national survey using respondent-driven sampling.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia.
designCross-sectional study. SETTINGS: HIV high-burden sites including the capital city and 12 provinces.
participantsThis study included 1375 sexually active transgender women with a mean age of 25.9 years (SD 7.1), recruited by using respondent-driven sampling for structured questionnaire interviews and rapid finger-prick HIV testing. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: HIV infection detected by using Determine antibody test.
resultsHIV prevalence among this population was 5.9%. After adjustment for other covariates, participants living in urban areas were twice as likely to be HIV infected as those living in rural areas. Participants with primary education were 1.7 times as likely to be infected compared with those with high school education. HIV infection increased with age; compared with those aged 18-24 years, the odds of being HIV infected were twice as high among transgender women aged 25-34 years and 2.8 times higher among those aged ≥35 years. Self-injection of gender affirming hormones was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds of HIV infection. A history of genital sores over the previous 12 months increased the odds of HIV infection by threefold. Transgender women with stronger feminine identity, dressing as a woman all the time, were twice as likely to be HIV infected compared with those who did not dress as a woman all the time. Having never used online services developed for transgender women in the past six months was also associated with higher odds of being HIV infected.
conclusionsTransgender women in Cambodia are at high risk of HIV. To achieve the goal of eliminating HIV in Cambodia, effective combination prevention strategies addressing the above risk factors among transgender women should be strengthened.
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Registered trials
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