ArticleBMJ open2017
Gender differences in infant survival: a secondary data analysis in rural North India.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00474981 (Impact of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness Strategy on Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Haryana, India), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness Strategy on Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Haryana, India
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global burden of hemolytic disease and neonatal jaundice from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the GBD 2021 data.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Northern Sudan: the role of antenatal care and socioeconomic inequities in war.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Early nourishment, better survival: association between breastfeeding initiation and infant mortality in Indian tribes.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Findings supporting neonatal screening for sickle cell disease: an observational study in Senegal.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Review
- Inequality in Afghanistan in the use of prenatal healthcare services according to the sex of newborns.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2024Article
- Neonatal mortality rate and determinants among births of mothers at extreme ages of reproductive life in low and middle income countries.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Analysis of Maternal and Infant Death Reporting System (MIDRS) in a North Indian State during 2013-2018.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Does higher early neonatal mortality in boys reverse over the neonatal period? A pooled analysis from three trials of Nepal.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Then and Now: Investigating Anthropometrics and Child Mortality among Females in Malawi.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Ethical Issues around Death and Withdrawal of Life Support in Neonatal Intensive Care.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Socioeconomic, urban-rural and sex-based inequality in infant mortality rate: evidence from 2013 Yemen demographic and health survey.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- A scoping review of methods for assessment of sex differentials in early childhood mortality.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Gender variations in neonatal and early infant mortality in India and Pakistan: a secondary analysis from the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry.Reproductive health · 2020Article
- Associations Between Sex Composition of Older Siblings and Infant Mortality in India from 1992 to 2016.EClinicalMedicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine gender differences in infant survival on the first day of life, in the first week of life, and in the neonatal and post-neonatal periods by socio-demographic and economic variables.
designSecondary data analysis was performed on data from a cluster randomised trial on the effect of implementation of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness programme, India. SETTINGS: The study setting was Palwal and Faridabad, districts of Haryana, a state in North India. MEASURES: Multiple logistic regression models taking the cluster design into account were used to estimate gender differences in mortality in different periods of infancy.
resultsA total of 60 480 infants were included in these analyses. Of 4060 infant deaths, 2054 were female (7.2% of all females born) and 2006 were male (6.3% of all males born). The death rate was significantly higher in females in the post-neonatal period but not during the neonatal period. The odds of death at 29-180 days and at 181-365 days were 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.6) and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.0) higher in females compared with males, respectively. This increase was seen across all socio-demographic and economic strata.
conclusionGender differences during the post-neonatal period are a major threat to the survival and health of female infants in India. Programmes need to identify measures that can specifically reduce female mortality.
trial registrationClinical trials NCT00474981.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.