ReviewRadiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Measuring and Establishing the Accuracy and Reproducibility of 3D Printed Medical Models.
Review in Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging-based 3D-printed anatomical models for preoperative planning in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: a single-center pilot study, cost analysis, and systematic review.La Radiologia medica · 2026Pooled it
- A review of digital orthopedic techniques in pre- and intra-operative management of scaphoid fracture.EFORT open reviews · 2026Article
- An integrated digital-to-surgical framework for patient-specific chest wall resection and reconstruction using 3D-printed titanium implants: proof-of-concept study.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- From local validation to global standardization of three-dimensional printing in radiotherapy.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- A review on radiological properties of fused deposition modelling material for three-dimensional printing in proton and light ion beam therapy.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a 3D printed phantom for image quality assessment in fluoroscopy.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- Dimensional Stability of SLA 3D-Printed Surgical Guide Resin After Steam Sterilization (121 °C and 134 °C) and Isopropyl Alcohol Disinfection: An In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- A Review of 3D-Printed Medical Devices for Cancer Radiation Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Slicer-Independent Framework for Measuring G-Code Accuracy in Medical 3D Printing.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Computed tomography image quality parameter settings for the design and manufacture of craniofacial implants.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvaria Using 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Graded Porosity and In Vitro Degradation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- From Pixels to Prototypes: 3D Printing Innovations in Radiology.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Review
- Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Zebrafish Imaging and Cardiac Development.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- The Accuracy of an Optical White Light Desktop 3D Scanner and Cone Beam CT Scanner Compared to a Multi-Slice CT Scanner to Digitize Anatomical 3D Models: A Pilot Study.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025Article
- Preclinical paired noninferiority study comparing in-house and commercially available 3D planning for corrective osteotomy of the distal radius.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fabrication of 3D printed hollow spheres for quality control and feasibility for use with xSPECT bone.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2025Article
- Dimensional Accuracy Assessment of Medical Anatomical Models Produced by Hospital-Based Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printer.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Synthetic 3D printed tibial plateau with gradient material properties for biomechanical accuracy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- 3D-Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- 3D-printed biopolymer-based microneedle for enhanced photodynamic therapy in melanoma treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the rapid growth of three-dimensional (3D) printing applications in medicine, the accuracy and reproducibility of 3D printed medical models have not been thoroughly investigated. Although current technologies enable 3D models to be created with accuracy within the limits of clinical imaging spatial resolutions, this is not always achieved in practice. Inaccuracies are due to errors that occur during the imaging, segmentation, postprocessing, and 3D printing steps. Radiologists' understanding of the factors that influence 3D printed model accuracy and the metrics used to measure this accuracy is key in directing appropriate practices and establishing reference standards and validation procedures. The authors review the various factors in each step of the 3D model printing process that contribute to model inaccuracy, including the intrinsic limitations of each printing technology. In addition, common sources of model inaccuracy are illustrated. Metrics involving comparisons of model dimensions and morphology that have been developed to quantify differences between 3D models also are described and illustrated. These metrics can be used to define the accuracy of a model, as compared with the reference standard, and to measure the variability of models created by different observers or using different workflows. The accuracies reported for specific indications of 3D printing are summarized, and potential guidelines for quality assurance and workflow assessment are discussed. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.