ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2017
Multiple sclerosis and environmental risk factors: a case-control study in Iran.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurotrauma and multiple sclerosis: the silent catalyst - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- The Association between Dairy Consumption and the Risk of Developing Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Linking Nutrients to Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Biological Evidence and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Childhood and adolescence factors and multiple sclerosis: results from the German National Cohort (NAKO).BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Environmental Influences on Risk and Disease Course in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.Seminars in pediatric neurology · 2023Article
- Predictors of severity and outcome of multiple sclerosis relapses.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- Total Dairy Consumption Is Not Associated With Likelihood of a First Clinical Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Demyelination.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Utilization of Multiple Sclerosis Therapies in the Middle East Over a Decade: 2009-2018.CNS drugs · 2021Observational
- Matching participant address with public records database in a US national longitudinal cohort study.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Article
- Environmental risk factors of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review.Current journal of neurology · 2021Review
- Medical history risk factors in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.Current journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria.Multiple sclerosis international · 2021Article
- Association of infections with multiple sclerosis in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a review.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Review
- COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: Predisposition and Precautions in Treatment.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Effects of Exercise on Memory Interference in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Review
- Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2019Review
- Sociodemographic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for multiple sclerosis development in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A matched case control study.Saudi medical journal · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies have shown an increase in the incidence of MS in Iran. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between environmental exposure and MS in Iran. This case-control study was conducted on 660 MS patients and 421 controls. Many environmental factors are compared between the two groups. Our findings demonstrated that prematurity ([OR = 4.99 (95% CI 1.34-18.68), P = 0.017]), history of measles and mumps ([OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.05-2.45), P = 0.029; OR = 1.85 (95% CI 1.22-2.78), P = 0.003, respectively]), breast feeding [OR = 2.90 (95% CI 1.49-5.65), P = 0.002], head trauma in childhood ([OR = 8.21 (95% CI 1.56-43.06), P = 0.013]), vaccination in adulthood ([OR = 4.57 (95% CI 1.14-18.41), P = 0.032, respectively]), migraine ([OR = 3.50 (95% CI 1.61-7.59), P = 0.002]), family history of MS, IBD, migraine, and collagen vascular diseases ([OR = 2.73 (95% CI 1.56-4.78), P < 0.001], [OR = 3.14 (95% CI 1.460-6.78), P = 0.004; OR = 3.18 (95% CI 1.83-5.53), P < 0.001; OR = 1.81 (95% CI 1.03-3.20), P = 0.040, respectively]), stressful events ([OR = 32.57 (95% CI 17.21-61.64), P < 0.001]), and microwave exposure ([OR = 3.55 (95% CI 2.24-5.63), P ≤0.001]) were more in the MS group. Sun exposure ([OR = 0.09 (95% CI 0.02-0.38), P = 0.001]), dairy and calcium consumption ([OR = 0.44 (95% CI 0.27-0.71), P = 0.001]), diabetes mellitus ([OR = 0.11 (95% CI 0.01-00.99), P = 0.049], and complete vaccination during childhood appeared to decreased MS risk. Our results investigated many risk factors and protective factors in Iran.
Indexed as
Identifiers
28799006What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.