ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2017
Pavlovian conditioning-induced hallucinations result from overweighting of perceptual priors.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04210557 (Models of Auditory Hallucination), which is not on this map. Cited by 356 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Models of Auditory Hallucination
Who cites it
356 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 727 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hallucinations and auditory-verbal signal detection studies: A meta-analytic review.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the relationships between cognition and auditory hallucinations: A systematic review.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- On the proportion of patients who experience a prodrome prior to psychosis onset: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Metacognitive sensitivity and symptoms of mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of human prediction error for incentives, perception, cognition, and action.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Prior Expectations of Volatility Following Psychotherapy for Delusions: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Apical integration theory provides a neural basis for understanding disorganization and consciousness in the schizophrenias.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- Altered semantic prediction error processing with increasing schizotypal and autistic traits.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- A Dual Prediction Error Populations Model of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Bridging NMDA Hypofunction and Gain Hyperfunction.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Overview of the DREADDs chemogenetics and the patent landscape of their actuators.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Perceiving the uncertain: predictive coding and individual differences in the dynamics of multistable perception.Cognitive processing · 2026Review
- Dissociating volatility and stochasticity reveals transdiagnostic computational signatures of psychopathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain Structural and Functional Alteration Network Localization of Visual Hallucinations.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Errors or Adaptations? A Critical Review of Predictive Processing in Psychiatry.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- cpm: A python library for theory-driven modelling in computational psychiatry.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Predictive Inference Alterations in Psychosis Proneness Show Task-Dependent Signatures.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Individual threat-relevance accelerates belief-updating in conditioned hallucinations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multimodal EEG-MRI Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia-A Systematic and Mechanistic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The dysconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia: a 30-year update.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
296 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Some people hear voices that others do not, but only some of those people seek treatment. Using a Pavlovian learning task, we induced conditioned hallucinations in four groups of people who differed orthogonally in their voice-hearing and treatment-seeking statuses. People who hear voices were significantly more susceptible to the effect. Using functional neuroimaging and computational modeling of perception, we identified processes that differentiated voice-hearers from non-voice-hearers and treatment-seekers from non-treatment-seekers and characterized a brain circuit that mediated the conditioned hallucinations. These data demonstrate the profound and sometimes pathological impact of top-down cognitive processes on perception and may represent an objective means to discern people with a need for treatment from those without.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.