ArticleBMC research notes2017
Prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistant bacteria carried by in- and outpatients attending a secondary care hospital in Zambia.
Article in BMC research notes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective in Zambia: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Pooled it
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Cattle Farmers Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Selected Districts of Zambia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of rectal ESBLJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections at a referral hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Antibiogram Development in the Setting of a High Frequency of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms at University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Trends of Antibacterial Resistance at the National Reference Laboratory in Cameroon: Comparison of the Situation between 2010 and 2017.BioMed research international · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAntimicrobial resistance is an increasing global health problem. Very little data on resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria in low-income countries exist. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistant bacteria carried by in- and outpatients in the resource constraint setting of a secondary care hospital in Zambia. Nasal and rectal samples from 50 in- and 50 outpatients were collected. Patients were randomly selected and informed consent was obtained. Nasal samples were tested for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and rectal samples for Gram-negative rods (family of Enterobacteriaceae) non-susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Additionally, E-tests were performed on ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).
results14% of inpatients carried S. aureus, and 18% of outpatients. No MRSA was found. 90% of inpatients and 48% of outpatients carried one or more Enterobacteriaceae strains (75% Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and/or ceftriaxone (p < 0.001). Among inpatients gentamicin resistance was most prevalent (in 78%), whereas among outpatients ciprofloxacin resistance prevailed (in 38%). All ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were ESBL-positive; these were present in 52% of inpatients versus 12% of outpatients (p < 0.001). We conclude it is feasible to perform basic microbiological procedures in the hospital laboratory in a low-income country and generate data on antimicrobial susceptibility. The high prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae carried by in- and outpatients is worrisome. In order to slow down antimicrobial resistance, surveillance data on local susceptibility patterns of bacteria are a prerequisite to generate guidelines for antimicrobial therapy, to guide in individual patient treatment and to support implementation of infection control measures in a hospital.
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