ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2017
Diffusion Basis Spectral Imaging Detects Ongoing Brain Inflammation in Virologically Well-Controlled HIV+ Patients.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): A Meta-Analysis and a System Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Smoldering in the sanctuary: HIV-associated brain injury in the ART era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Neural oscillations serving abstract reasoning are differentially associated with inflammatory markers in people with HIV.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- A multimodal imaging-based integrative framework for HIV-associated cognitive impairment and treatment response.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Diffusion Basis Restricted Fraction as a Putative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Marker of Neuroinflammation: Histological Evidence, Diagnostic Accuracy, and Translational Potential.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Diffusion basis spectrum imaging of white matter in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Brain imaging and behavior · 2025Article
- Nef is a key player in neuroinflammation and myelin impairment associated with neuroHIV.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Whole cervix imaging of collagen, muscle, and cellularity in term and preterm pregnancy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of HIV-mediated blood-brain barrier compromise and leukocyte transmigration under the current antiretroviral era.iScience · 2024Article
- Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Bridging brain and blood: a prospective view on neuroimaging-exosome correlations in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation in the Amygdala Is Associated With Recent Depressive Symptoms.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation and white matter alterations in occupational manganese exposure assessed by diffusion basis spectrum imaging.Neurotoxicology · 2023Article
- Chronic brain damage in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy is associated with viral reservoirs, sulfatide release, and compromised cell-to-cell communication.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Abnormal Magnetic Resonance Image Signature in Virologically Stable HIV Individuals.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The Structural and Functional Correlates of Frailty in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Review
- MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in people with human immunodeficiency virus: Relationships to clinical and immunologic findings.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation occurs after HIV infection and persists, despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures HIV-associated white matter changes, but can be confounded by inflammation. Currently, the influence of inflammation on white matter integrity in well-controlled HIV+ patients remains unknown. We used diffusion basis spectral imaging (DBSI)-derived cellularity to isolate restricted water diffusion associated with inflammation separated from the anisotropic diffusion associated with axonal integrity. Ninety-two virologically suppressed HIV+ patients on HAART and 66 HIV uninfected (HIV-) controls underwent neuropsychological performance (NP) testing and neuroimaging. NP tests assessed multiple domains (memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning). DTI- and DBSI-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were processed with tract-based spatial statistics for comparison between both groups. Cellularity was assessed regarding age, HIV status, and NP. Within the HIV+ cohort, cellularity was compared with clinical (HAART duration) and laboratory measures of disease (eg, CD4 cell current and nadir). NP was similar for both groups. DTI-derived FA was lower in HIV+ compared with HIV- individuals. By contrast, DBSI-derived FA was similar for both groups. Instead, diffuse increases in cellularity were present in HIV+ individuals. Observed changes in cellularity were significantly associated with age, but not NP, in HIV+ individuals. A trend level association was seen between cellularity and HAART duration. Elevated inflammation, measured by cellularity, persists in virologically well-controlled HIV+ individuals. Widespread cellularity changes occur in younger HIV+ individuals and diminish with aging and duration of HAART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.