ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2017
Socioeconomic Status As a Risk Factor for Unintended Pregnancy in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What do we mean by preconception health and preconception care in research and policy? A systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2026Pooled it
- Utilisation, effectiveness, and safety of immediate postpartum intrauterine device insertion: a systematic literature review.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of rurality on women's decision making and pregnancy choices following an unintended pregnancy: A systematic review.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Predictors of Quit Attempts and Successful Smoking Abstinence in Pregnancy: An Exploratory Analysis of a Pooled Clinical Trial Dataset.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Trial
- Causal effects of reproductive traits on cognitive function: A two-sample and multivariable mendelian randomization study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Depression and anxiety among women with unwanted pregnancies seeking termination.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic and demographic differentials in unintended pregnancies, abortion, and contraceptive use in Spain: insights from the 2018 Fertility Survey.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Unintended pregnancy among women living with HIV in Cross River State, Nigeria: prevalence, associated factors, and implications for HIV prevention.BMC public health · 2026Article
- You've Been Framed: The Impact of Risk and Time Framings on Contraceptive Preferences in a Discrete Choice Experiment.Health economics · 2026Article
- Social and socioeconomic determinants of health and contraceptive decision-making among women: a cross-sectional study from southeastern Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
- [Prevalence of Unwanted Pregnancies and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Mental Illness. Findings from the ELSA Study].Psychiatrische Praxis · 2025Article
- "Do You Know What Birth Control Actually Does to Your Body?": Assessing Contraceptive Information on TikTok.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among women in Ghana.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Social determinants of health and family planning: impact of food and financial insecurity on contraceptive use and pregnancy intention.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Association of premarital pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes and its characteristics in Japan.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Follow-up of immediate postpartum intrauterine device insertion: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its influence on pregnancy experience in Tabriz, Iran, 2023: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Exploring the impact of preconception care and unintended pregnancy on access to antenatal healthcare services among Rohingya women: Insights from a cross-sectional survey.Journal of migration and health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association of low socioeconomic status as an independent risk factor for unintended pregnancy.
methodsWe performed a secondary analysis of data from the Contraceptive CHOICE project. Between 2007 and 2011, 9,256 participants were recruited and followed for up to 3 years. The primary outcome of interest was unintended pregnancy; the primary exposure variable was low socioeconomic status, defined as self-report of either receiving public assistance or having difficulty paying for basic necessities. Four contraceptive groups were evaluated: 1) long-acting reversible contraceptive method (hormonal or copper intrauterine device or subdermal implant); 2) depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection; 3) oral contraceptive pills, a transdermal patch, or a vaginal ring; or 4) other or no method. Confounders were adjusted for in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the effect of socioeconomic status on risk of unintended pregnancy.
resultsParticipants with low socioeconomic status experienced 515 unintended pregnancies during 14,001 women-years of follow-up (3.68/100 women-years; 95% CI 3.37-4.01) compared with 200 unintended pregnancies during 10,296 women-years (1.94/100 women-years; 95% CI 1.68-2.23) among participants without low socioeconomic status. Women with low socioeconomic status were more likely to have an unintended pregnancy (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.2). After adjusting for age, education level, insurance status, and history of unintended pregnancy, low socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk of unintended pregnancy (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7).
conclusionDespite the removal of cost barriers, low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher incidence of unintended pregnancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.