ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2019
Sex, Symptom Severity, and Quality of Life in Rheumatology.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Digital Psychological Intervention for Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Gender Bias in Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Problem of Steroid Receptor Action?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Observational
- Fertility, pregnancy and lactation in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Biopsychosocial Determinants, Diet Quality, Gastrointestinal Health, and Disease Activity in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A clinical care pathway for managing pregnancy in patients with inflammatory arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Nutrition and the gut microbiome: a symbiotic dialogue influencing health and disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gender differences in clinical and prescribing characteristics of biologic and targeted synthetic drugs in naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Data from BIOBADASER III registry.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Exosomal microRNAs.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2025Review
- Female-bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: How much is the X chromosome to blame?Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Androgens contribute to sex bias of autoimmunity in mice by T cell-intrinsic regulation of Ptpn22 phosphatase expression.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Conception: Insights into Infertility, Fertility Preservation, Assisted Reproductive Technology, and Pregnancy Outcomes.Seminars in reproductive medicine · 2024Review
- Identification of ENTPD1 as a novel biomarker linking allergic rhinitis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Microbial influences on severity and sex bias of systemic autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Altered X-chromosome inactivation predisposes to autoimmunity.Science advances · 2024Article
- Sex-specific differences in ICOSClinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Variation of sexual dimorphism and asymmetry in disease expression of inflammatory arthritis among laboratory mouse models with different genomic backgrounds.Laboratory animal research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) show a striking female predominance ranging from 3:1 in RA up to 9:1 in SLE. The background for those gender bias is not fully understood yet, but seems to be the result of a complex interaction between sex hormones, (epi-)genetics, and possibly even the composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, time of disease onset, the clinical phenotype including co-morbidities as well as the course of the diseases during life differ between genders. The patient's sex therefore plays an emerging role for individual therapy decisions and co-morbidity screening in rheumatologic care. Male lupus patients, for example, tend to show more severe features such as renal involvement, pleurisy, and serositis, when being compared to female patients. Among RA patients, women are more likely to acquire conditions like thyroid dysfunctions, fibromyalgia, and depression than their male counterparts. These examples emphasize the importance of the patient's gender for the clinical routine and the resulting implications for prevention and therapy. The present article is going to review potential causes for the female predominance of rheumatic diseases and will examine the gender's impact on the disease phenotype, symptom severity, co-morbidities, and quality of life. For reasons of scope, the focus will be on RA and SLE as two of the most important rheumatic diseases with a large socioeconomic impact on society due to their incidence as well as mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.