ArticleLGBT health2017
Mediating Effects of Social Support and Internalized Homonegativity on the Association Between Population Density and Mental Health Among Gay and Bisexual Men.
Article in LGBT health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Social support and internalizing psychopathology among sexual and gender minority individuals: A meta-analysis.Clinical psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Sexual Identity and Birth Cohort Differences in Social Support and Its Link with Well-Being among Sexual Minority Individuals.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Decomposition and comparative analysis of differences in anxiety between urban and rural Chinese adults: a national cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Decoding the association between health level and human settlements environment: a machine learning-driven provincial analysis in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Internalized Sexual Stigma and Mental Health Outcomes for Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Asian Americans: The Moderating Role of Guilt and Shame.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A chatbot-delivered intervention for optimizing social media use and reducing perceived isolation among rural-living LGBTQ+ youth: Development, acceptability, usability, satisfaction, and utility.Internet interventions · 2023Article
- Sources of Social Support, Self-Esteem and Psychological Distress among Chinese Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2023Article
- Factors influencing the well-being of Asian American LGBT individuals across the lifespan: perspectives from leaders of community-based organizations.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Biomedical HIV Prevention among Gay Male Couples: A Qualitative Study of Motivations and Concerns.Journal of homosexuality · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and the Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Men Who Have Sex With Men: Results of an Online Survey.The journal of sexual medicine · 2020Article
- Gay-Specific and General Stressors Predict Gay Men's Psychological Functioning Over Time.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- The Disparities in Mental Health between Gay and Bisexual Men Following Positive HIV Diagnosis in China: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Arrangements in a National Cohort of HIV-Negative Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States.Archives of sexual behavior · 2019Article
- Social Determinants of Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go.Current psychiatry reports · 2018Review
- Differences by Sexual Orientation in Perceptions of Neighborhood Cohesion: Implications for Health.Journal of community health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDepression negatively impacts the health and well-being of gay and bisexual men (GBM). However, little is known about the contexts in which rural GBM live relative to those living in urban areas and their overall mental health. The aim of this study was to examine associations between population density and depressive symptoms and the role of internalized homonegativity and social support as potential mediators.
methodsA nationally representative sample of 1071 GBM (mean age = 40.24) was enrolled. Participants provided their zip codes, which were categorized according to population density and rank-normalized.
resultsIn a path analysis model adjusted for race/ethnicity, college education, age, and relationship status, higher population density was significantly associated with increased social support (B = 0.11, P = 0.002) and decreased internalized homonegativity (B = -0.06, P < 0.001). In turn, lower social support (B = -2.93, P < 0.001) and greater internalized homonegativity (B = 4.93, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms. The indirect effects of population density on depression through social support (B = -0.33, P < 0.001) and internalized homonegativity (B = -0.31, P < 0.001) were statistically significant, suggesting evidence for mediation of the effects.
conclusionsThese results indicate that living in less inhabited areas acts on depressive symptoms through mechanisms of lower social support and higher internalized homonegativity. These findings suggest that social contexts in which GBM live can affect mental health outcomes and indicate the need for further support and inclusion of GBM, especially in less inhabited areas.
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