ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017
Nicotine: Sporting Friend or Foe? A Review of Athlete Use, Performance Consequences and Other Considerations.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontal Health and Premature Death: 30-year Study
Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontitis and Mortality: 30-year Cohort Study From Sweden
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Systemic Lactate Elevation Induced by Tobacco Smoking during Rest and Exercise Is Not Associated with Nicotine.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2026).British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of alternate tobacco products and traditional tobacco smoking on various organ/systems: A guide to regulators and health policy makers.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Long COVID - a critical disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission?Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- Tobacco Use and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Among Athletes; Assessment by Urine Cotinine Level and Exhaled Carbon Monoxide: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function and physical performance in adolescent e-cigarette users: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Snus use in football: the threat of a new addiction?Biology of sport · 2024Article
- Should We be Concerned with Nicotine in Sport? Analysis from 60,802 Doping Control Tests in Italy.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- The Effect of High Nicotine Dose on Maximum Anaerobic Performance and Perceived Pain in Healthy Non-Smoking Athletes: Crossover Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Gendered associations between e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in a sample of Canadian adolescents.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
- The Correlation of Swedish Snus, Nicotine Pouches and Other Tobacco Products with Oral Mucosal Health and Salivary Biomarkers.Dentistry journal · 2022Article
- Health status of recreational runners over 10-km up to ultra-marathon distance based on data of the NURMI Study Step 2.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Forearm bone mineral density in adult men after spinal cord injuries: impact of physical activity level, smoking status, body composition, and muscle strength.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Acute Effects of Nicotine on Physiological Responses and Sport Performance in Healthy Baseball Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Symptom Chronicity and Tobacco Use: Differences in Athletic and Nonathletic Candidates for Cartilage Surgery.Cartilage · 2021Article
- The Association between Type and Intensity of Sport and Tobacco or Nicotine Use-A Cross-Sectional Study among Young Swiss Men.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and T Response Following Strenuous Activity is Attenuated by Smokeless Tobacco: NEEDED (North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study) 2014.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Article
- An anti-doping perspective on nicotine detection in the peri-exercise period in a cohort of trained male cyclists.Current research in physiology · 2020Article
- The Influence of Tobacco Use on Pulmonary Function in Elite Athletes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nicotine use amongst athletes is high and increasing, especially in team sports. This narrative review examines the rationale behind its use and evidence of its effect on physical performance, and considers important factors that should determine future research efforts. To date, ten studies have assessed muscular strength and power, sub- or maximal endurance and high-intensity exercise when nicotine (medication) or smokeless tobacco was used as an intervention. Two studies observed an ergogenic effect, one an ergolytic with the remaining seven reporting no change. These studies have notable limitations and confounding factors that include participant tolerance to nicotine, interindividual responses, the nicotine delivery system used and failure to adhere to rigorous experimental/scientific design. Further research is encouraged to address these limitations and determine the extent to which anti-doping and governing bodies should consider promoting, coordinating and monitoring any effort against nicotine and nicotine-containing substances in sports.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.