Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28790023›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2017

Identifying Potential Norovirus Epidemics in China via Internet Surveillance.

Kui Liu, Sichao Huang, Zi-Ping Miao, Bin Chen, Tao Jiang, Gaofeng Cai, Zhenggang Jiang, Yongdi Chen, Zhengting Wang, Hua Gu and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kui Liu *Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9833-1251
Sichao Huang *School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3292-4577
Zi-Ping Miao *Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1037-620X
Bin ChenZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3761-0465
Tao JiangZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7897-1788
Gaofeng CaiZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5779-5578
Zhenggang JiangZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4004-8845
Yongdi ChenZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8651-6478
Zhengting WangZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8211-396X
Hua GuZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5032-7253
Chengliang ChaiZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7238-992X
Jianmin JiangZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3563-4006
Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNNingbo University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNorovirus is a common virus that causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide, but a monitoring system for norovirus is unavailable in China.

objectiveWe aimed to identify norovirus epidemics through Internet surveillance and construct an appropriate model to predict potential norovirus infections.

methodsThe norovirus-related data of a selected outbreak in Jiaxing Municipality, Zhejiang Province of China, in 2014 were collected from immediate epidemiological investigation, and the Internet search volume, as indicated by the Baidu Index, was acquired from the Baidu search engine. All correlated search keywords in relation to norovirus were captured, screened, and composited to establish the composite Baidu Index at different time lags by Spearman rank correlation. The optimal model was chosen and possibly predicted maps in Zhejiang Province were presented by ArcGIS software.

resultsThe combination of two vital keywords at a time lag of 1 day was ultimately identified as optimal (ρ=.924, P<.001). The exponential curve model was constructed to fit the trend of this epidemic, suggesting that a one-unit increase in the mean composite Baidu Index contributed to an increase of norovirus infections by 2.15 times during the outbreak. In addition to Jiaxing Municipality, Hangzhou Municipality might have had some potential epidemics in the study time from the predicted model.

conclusionsAlthough there are limitations with early warning and unavoidable biases, Internet surveillance may be still useful for the monitoring of norovirus epidemics when a monitoring system is unavailable.

Indexed as

ChinaDisease OutbreaksEpidemicsHumansInternetNorovirusdisease predictionInternet surveillancenorovirus

Identifiers

PMID28790023
PMCPMC5566627
OpenAlexW2742198131

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.