ArticlePsychosomatic medicine2018
Everyday Discrimination and Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
Article in Psychosomatic medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Perceived Discrimination, Preparation for Bias, and Associations with Physical and Mental Health of Racially/Ethnically Marginalized Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Weight discrimination and metabolic syndrome: Examining discrimination attributions and frequency across settings.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Discrimination, Depression, and Anxiety Among US Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Genome-wide transcriptome differences associated with perceived discrimination in an urban, community-dwelling middle-aged cohort.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Rationale, design, and participant characteristics of the FAITH! Heart Health+ study: An exploration of the influence of the social determinants of health, stress, and structural racism on African American cardiovascular health.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Racial Discrimination and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Black Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study observing the association of psychosocial stress and dietary intake with gut microbiota genera and alpha diversity among a young adult cohort of black and white women in Birmingham, Alabama.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Experiences of discrimination are associated with microbiome and transcriptome alterations in the gut.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Discrimination and Hypertension by Educational Attainment Among a Cohort of US Women.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Discrimination exposure impacts unhealthy processing of food cues: crosstalk between the brain and gut.Nature. Mental health · 2023Article
- Investigating discrimination in the workplace. Translation and validation of the Everyday Discrimination Scale for nursing staff in Germany.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Racial, ethnic and nativity inequalities in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of racial discrimination.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Long-term Trajectories of C-Reactive Protein Among Men Living With and Without HIV Infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Generalizability and effect size of the impact of anti-hypertensive medication adherence on long-term cardio-cerebrovascular mortality.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Article
- Adolescent Mental Health in Relation to Anti-Racism Critical Action.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2022Article
- The accelerated aging phenotype: The role of race and social determinants of health on aging.Ageing research reviews · 2022Review
- This is our lane: talking with patients about racism.Women's midlife health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEveryday discrimination may contribute to incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the United States and related racial/ethnic differences in MetS. The study investigated whether everyday discrimination predicted MetS in a diverse sample.
methodsA longitudinal, cohort study of 2132 women (mean [standard deviation] = 45.8 [2.7] years) who self-reported as black (n = 523), white (n = 1065), Chinese (n = 194), Japanese (n = 227), or Hispanic (n = 123) at baseline drawn from seven cities across the United States was conducted. MetS was defined in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The Everyday Discrimination scale was used to assess exposure to and level of everyday discrimination.
resultsEveryday discrimination exposure at baseline predicted a 33% greater incidence of MetS during the 13.89-year (standard deviation = 3.83, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-1.64, p = .001) follow-up in the full sample and was most pronounced in black, Hispanic, and Japanese women. Each 1-point increase in the continuous everyday discrimination score (HR = 1.03, 95% CI =1.01-1.05, p = .001) predicted a 3% greater incidence of MetS and, specifically, blood pressure (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.03, p = .04), waist circumference (HR = 1.05, 95% CI =1.03-1.06, p < .001), and triglyceride level (HR = 1.02, 95% CI =1.00-1.04, p = .01). These associations were independent of risk factors including physical activity, socioeconomic status, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
conclusionsEveryday discrimination contributes to poorer metabolic health in midlife women in the United States. These findings have clinical implications for the development of MetS and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and intervention strategies to reduce these outcomes.
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Registered trials
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