ReviewViruses2017
Can Antiretroviral Drugs Be Used to Treat Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) Infection after Xenotransplantation?
Review in Viruses, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical Large AnimalCurrent cardiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Monitoring for PERV Following Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Ethical and legislative advances in xenotransplantation for clinical translation: focusing on cardiac, kidney and islet cell xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Analysis of PERV-C superinfection resistance using HA-tagged viruses.Retrovirology · 2023Article
- The prevention strategies of swine viruses related to xenotransplantation.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Kidney Xenotransplantation: Are We Ready for Prime Time?Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Future of Lung Transplantation: Xenotransplantation and Bioengineering Lungs.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- Virus Safety of Xenotransplantation.Viruses · 2022Review
- Pig heart and lung xenotransplantation: Present status.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2022Article
- Cardiac xenotransplantation: a promising way to treat advanced heart failure.Heart failure reviews · 2022Review
- Genetic engineering of pigs for xenotransplantation to overcome immune rejection and physiological incompatibilities: The first clinical steps.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Genetically engineered pigs for xenotransplantation: Hopes and challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Progress Toward Cardiac Xenotransplantation.Circulation · 2020Review
- Koala retrovirus diversity, transmissibility, and disease associations.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- How the COVID-19 pandemic may impact public support for clinical xenotransplantation in the United States?Xenotransplantation · 2020Review
- An effective vaginal gel to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system encapsulated in poly (β-amino ester) nanoparticles for vaginal gene therapy.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
- Large Animal Models in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: To Do or Not to Do.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs; they are released as infectious particles, and under certain conditions they can infect human cells. Therefore, they represent a risk when pigs are used as sources of cells, tissues, or organs for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation is under development due to the increasing shortage of human transplants. Whereas most porcine microorganisms which may be able to induce a disease (zoonosis) in the transplant recipient can be eliminated, this is not possible in the case of PERVs. Antiretroviral drugs which had been developed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infections have been tested in vitro for their efficacy in inhibiting PERV replication. Inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase and of the integrase have been found effective. The most effective inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase was azidothymidine (AZT); the integrase inhibitors were the most potent inhibitors of PERV. Although in the past PERV transmission has not been observed after experimental or clinical xenotransplantation of pig cells or organs, and although PERVs may one day be inactivated in pigs by genome editing using CRISPR/Cas, knowing which antiretroviral drugs can effectively restrict PERV infection will still be important.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.