ReviewThe international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease2017
Addressing the tuberculosis-depression syndemic to end the tuberculosis epidemic.
Review in The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety among Tuberculosis Patients in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Mental Disorders Comorbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Pooled it
- The relationship between mental health and risk of active tuberculosis: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of latent tuberculosis infection on health and wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of mental disorders on active TB treatment outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions for treatment of common mental disorders associated with Tuberculosis: A systematic review.Chronic respiratory diseasePooled it
- Qualitative study of patient experiences of mental distress during TB investigation and treatment in Zambia.BMC psychology · 2022Trial
- Depressive symptoms and HIV risk behaviours among adolescents enrolled in the HPTN071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Psychosocial Interventions for Improving Treatment Adherence in Tuberculosis Patients: A Scoping Review of Evidence-Based Approaches.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Silent barriers: psycho-social factors and the hidden risk of medication non-adherence among tuberculosis patients in Mongolia.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Mental health management in the context of TB care in the WHO European Region: a consensus statement.IJTLD open · 2026Review
- Long-term risk of death after tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Depressive Symptoms in Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Two-Time-Point Observational Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors associated with depression among tuberculosis patients with HIV co-infection in rural community Thailand.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Effect of food insecurity on hazardous alcohol consumption and psychological well-being among people with tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Designing integrated care models for mental health and tuberculosis in Pune, India: A formative qualitative study of patient, caregiver and provider perspectives.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in LTBI individuals screened from close contacts: a retrospective case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Phase-wise comparison of depression and stigma among tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment in Dhaka, Bangladesh.IJID regions · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and depression act synergistically via social, behavioral, and biological mechanisms to magnify the burden of disease. Clinical depression is a common, under-recognized, yet treatable condition that, if comorbid with TB, is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, community TB transmission, and drug resistance. Depression may increase risk of TB reactivation, contribute to disease progression, and/or inhibit the physiological response to anti-tuberculosis treatment because of poverty, undernutrition, immunosuppression, and/or negative coping behaviors, including substance abuse. Tuberculous infection and/or disease reactivation may precipitate depression as a result of the inflammatory response and/or dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Clinical depression may also be triggered by TB-related stigma, exacerbating other underlying social vulnerabilities, and/or may be attributed to the side effects of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Depression may negatively impact health behaviors such as diet, health care seeking, medication adherence, and/or treatment completion, posing a significant challenge for global TB elimination. As several of the core symptoms of TB and depression overlap, depression often goes unrecognized in individuals with active TB, or is dismissed as a normative reaction to situational stress. We used evidence to reframe TB and depression comorbidity as the 'TB-depression syndemic', and identified critical research gaps to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The World Health Organization's Global End TB Strategy calls for integrated patient-centered care and prevention linked to social protection and innovative research. It will require multidisciplinary approaches that consider conditions such as TB and depression together, rather than as separate problems and diseases, to end the global TB epidemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.