ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2017
A more realistic disc herniation model incorporating compression, flexion and facet-constrained shear: a mechanical and microstructural analysis. Part I: Low rate loading.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lumbar disc herniation modelling: a review of ex-vivo mechanical models and a comparison with clinical data.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Biomechanical simulation of long-term performance of a tendon-based spinal stabilization (VPX).European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Combined Flexion, Torsion and Compression Drive Distinct Intervertebral Disc Failure Mechanisms Under Asymmetric, High-Cycle Loading.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Can cervical disc herniations be provokedFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- The Biomechanical Landscape of Lumbar Disc Herniation: Mechanobiological Insights Into Injury and Regeneration.Neurospine · 2026Review
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- Disc Injury and Spine Loads in Low-to-Moderate-Severity Frontal Impacts.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- A Comparison of Five Animal Models for Acute Intervertebral Disc Herniation Research.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Exploring the biomechanical mechanisms of cervical rotation manipulation in different lateral bending positions: a finite element analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Endplate fractures with subtle structural damage in impact loaded flexed ovine lumbar segments: a potential initiator of disc degeneration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
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- The triadic relationship between spinal posture, loading, and degeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Understanding the etiopathogenesis of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation: From clinical evidence to basic scientific research.JOR spine · 2024Review
- Failure mechanical properties of lumbar intervertebral disc under high loading rate.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Design principles in mechanically adaptable biomaterials for repairing annulus fibrosus rupture: A review.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
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- Mechanical and biological characterization of a composite annulus fibrosus repair strategy in an endplate delamination model.JOR spine · 2020Article
- Effect of Strain Rates on Failure of Mechanical Properties of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Under Flexion.Orthopaedic surgery · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo date, the mechanisms of disc failure have been explored at a microstructural level in relatively simple postures. However, in vivo the disc is known to be subjected to complex loading in compression, bending and shear, and the influence of these factors on the mechanisms of disc failure is yet to be described at a microstructural level. The purpose of this study was to provide a microstructural analysis of the mechanisms of failure in healthy discs subjected to compression while held in a complex posture incorporating physiological amounts of flexion and facet-constrained shear.
methods30 motion segments from 10 healthy mature ovine lumbar spines were compressed in a complex posture intended to simulate the situation arising when bending and twisting while lifting a heavy object, and at a displacement rate of 40 mm/min. Nine of the 30 samples reached the predetermined displacement prior to a reduction in load and were classified as early-stage failures, providing insight into initial areas of disc disruption. Both groups of damaged discs were then analysed microstructurally using light microscopy.
resultsComplex postures significantly reduced the load required to cause disc failure than earlier described for flexed postures [8.42 kN (STD 1.22 kN) compared to 9.69 kN (STD 2.56 kN)] and resulted in a very different failure morphology to that observed in either simple flexion or direct compression, involving infiltration of nucleus material in a circuitous path to the annular periphery.
conclusionThe complex posture as used in this study significantly reduced the load required to cause disc failure, providing further evidence that asymmetric postures while lifting should be avoided if possible.
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