ReviewJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2017
Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.
Review in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06217471 (Role of Influenza A VIRus in the Biomolecular Pathogenesis of the Destabilization of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques), which is not on this map. Cited by 388 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Role of Influenza A VIRus in the Biomolecular Pathogenesis of the Destabilization of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques
Who cites it
388 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 710 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis combined with visualization on universal trends and hot topics of LOX family in human diseases: 1995 to 2025.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of probiotics on lipid metabolism, oxidation, and inflammation in coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Distinct Multiomic Signatures of Environmental Exposure Drive Immune Dysregulation and Disease Activity in Early Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- High TG/low HDL-C ratio-mimetic lipid stress drives diabetic atherosclerotic endothelial-macrophage dysfunction through glycocalyx disruption and CD36/ABCA1 imbalance.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Macrophage Differentiation Selectively Downregulates RPS15A While Preserving RPL13A and RPL17 Expression in THP-1-Derived Macrophages.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Olfactomedin 2 Promotes Atherosclerosis by Eliciting Smooth Muscle Foam Cell Formation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Macrophage PIM1 Drives Atherosclerosis by Enhancing Foam Cell Formation Via CD36.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Camellia diacylglycerol oil attenuates atherosclerosis and NAFLD by modulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in ApoEJournal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Oxidative balance score as a predictor of MASLD-CVD comorbidity risk and mortality: Insights from traditional and machine learning approaches.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Complement Activation by Post-Translationally Modified Proteins: Links to Chronic Inflammation and Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Subclinical Hypothyroidism Categorized by Hypertension Status.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Daidzein Mitigates Nicotine-Induced Atherogenesis via Nrf2/ROS/TXNIP-Dependent Inhibition of Macrophage Pyroptosis and Lipid Accumulation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- IGF2BP1 modulates ZDHHC5-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation to promote mitochondrial damage and foam cell formation of vascular smooth muscle cells.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Small-molecule autophagy modulators: Mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and development challenges in pathological settings.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- MLK3 promotes atherosclerosis by regulating ferroptosis in macrophages.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Vitro at 1.5 Tesla for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- High-speed multimodal intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging system for atherosclerosis characterization.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Chitinase-like proteins de-N-glycosylating CD36 modify cholesterol metabolism in atherosclerotic macrophages.Nature communications · 2026Article
328 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol homeostasis in the peripheral blood is maintained by specialized cells, such as macrophages. Macrophages express a variety of scavenger receptors (SR) that interact with lipoproteins, including SR-A1, CD36, and lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). These cells also have several cholesterol transporters, including ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI, that are involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Lipids internalized by phagocytosis are transported to late endosomes/lysosomes, where lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) digests cholesteryl esters releasing free cholesterol. Free cholesterol in turn is processed by acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1), an enzyme that transforms cholesterol to cholesteryl esters. The endoplasmic reticulum serves as a depot for maintaining newly synthesized cholesteryl esters that can be processed by neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase (NCEH), which generates free cholesterol that can exit via cholesterol transporters. In atherosclerosis, pro-inflammatory stimuli upregulate expression of scavenger receptors, especially LOX-1, and downregulate expression of cholesterol transporters. ACAT1 is also increased, while NCEH expression is reduced. This results in deposition of free and esterified cholesterol in macrophages and generation of foam cells. Moreover, other cell types, such as endothelial (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), can also become foam cells. In this review, we discuss known pathways of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.