ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2017
Activated Retinal Pigment Epithelium, an Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker for Progression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optical coherence tomography imaging biomarkers associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Ocular manifestations in patients with inborn errors of intracellular cobalamin metabolism: a systematic review.Human genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Progression of Unifocal versus Multifocal Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2020Pooled it
- Sequence of Morphological Changes Preceding Atrophy in Intermediate AMD Using Deep Learning.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Trial
- Characterization of Drusen and Hyperreflective Foci as Biomarkers for Disease Progression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Artificial Intelligence in Optical Coherence Tomography.JAMA ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Replication and Refinement of an Algorithm for Automated Drusen Segmentation on Optical Coherence Tomography.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of focal damage in the retinal pigment epithelium layer in serous retinal pigment epithelium detachment.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Automated Segmentation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Layers in High-Resolution OCT.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Shallow and bullous retinal pigment epithelium elevations in age-related macular degeneration.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci Characterization Supports the Existence of Different Clinical Phenotypes of Geographic Atrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Reference Standard for Validation of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Screening Algorithms.Ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers Predicting Progression to Atrophy in Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Validation of an Automated AI Algorithm for the Quantification of Major OCT Parameters in Retinal Vein Occlusion-Related Macular Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits Are Spatially Linked to Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Photoreceptor Integrity in Geographic Atrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Visible Light Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Aging at the Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Bruch's Membrane Interface.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Eccentricity-Dependent Reflectivity Rates-of-Change Across the Retina in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Introducing Christine A. Curcio and Cynthia Owsley, the 2025 Recipients of the Proctor Medal.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Inner Retinal Reflectivity Loss and Concurrent Thickening Predict Short-Term Conversion to Neovascular AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Reveals Loss of RPE Cell Body Polarity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Clinical Significance of Imaging Biomarkers Discoverable by Anomaly Detection Methods in Retinal Diseases: A Review.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize and contextualize recent histology and clinical imaging publications on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fate in advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD); to support RPE activation and migration as important precursors to atrophy, manifest as intraretinal hyperreflective foci in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Methods: The Project MACULA online resource for AMD histopathology was surveyed systematically to form a catalog of 15 phenotypes of RPE and RPE-derived cells and layer thicknesses in advanced disease. Phenotypes were also sought in correlations with clinical longitudinal eye-tracked SDOCT and with ex vivo imaging-histopathology correlations in geographic atrophy (GA) and pigment epithelium detachments (PED). Results: The morphology catalog suggested two main pathways of RPE fate: basolateral shedding of intracellular organelles (apparent apoptosis in situ) and activation with anterior migration. Acquired vitelliform lesions may represent a third pathway. Migrated cells are packed with RPE organelles and confirmed as hyperreflective on SDOCT. RPE layer thickening due to cellular dysmorphia and thick basal laminar deposit is observed near the border of GA. Drusenoid PED show a life cycle of slow growth and rapid collapse preceded by RPE layer disruption and anterior migration. Conclusions: RPE activation and migration comprise an important precursor to atrophy that can be observed at the cellular level in vivo via validated SDOCT. Collapse of large drusen and drusenoid PED appears to occur when RPE death and migration prevent continued production of druse components. Data implicate excessive diffusion distance from choriocapillaris in RPE death as well as support a potential benefit in targeting drusen in GA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.