Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28785177›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2017

The nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSKQ): development and validation using classical test theory and Rasch analysis.

Gina Louise Trakman, Adrienne Forsyth, Russell Hoye, Regina Belski

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed.

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  12. Nutritional knowledge of team sport athletes.Journal of nutritional science · 2026
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  19. Validation of "Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Gina Louise TrakmanDepartment of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Australia.
Adrienne ForsythDepartment of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Australia.
Russell HoyeDepartment of Management and Marketing, La Trobe Business School, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Commerce, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Australia.
Regina BelskiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAppropriate dietary intake can have a significant influence on athletic performance. There is a growing consensus on sports nutrition and professionals working with athletes often provide dietary education. However, due to the limitations of existing sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires, previous reports of athletes' nutrition knowledge may be inaccurate.

methodsAn updated questionnaire has been developed based on a recent review of sports nutrition guidelines. The tool has been validated using a robust methodology that incorporates relevant techniques from classical test theory (CTT) and Item response theory (IRT), namely, Rasch analysis.

resultsThe final questionnaire has 89 questions and six sub-sections (weight management, macronutrients, micronutrients, sports nutrition, supplements, and alcohol). The content and face validity of the tool have been confirmed based on feedback from expert sports dietitians and university sports students, respectively. The internal reliability of the questionnaire as a whole is high (KR = 0.88), and most sub-sections achieved an acceptable internal reliability. Construct validity has been confirmed, with an independent T-test revealing a significant (

conclusionsThe final version of the questionnaire represents a significant improvement over previous tools. Each nutrition sub-section is unidimensional, and therefore researchers and practitioners can use these individually, as required. Use of the questionnaire will allow researchers to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of nutrition education programs, and differences in knowledge across athletes of varying ages, genders, and athletic calibres.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeSports Nutritional SciencesSurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescentAdultAgedAthletesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutritionistsReproducibility of ResultsStudentsYoung AdultClassical test theoryMeasureNutrition knowledgeQuestionnaireRasch analysisSports nutritionValid

Identifiers

PMID28785177
PMCPMC5543556

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.