ArticleScientific reports2017
Income inequality, gene expression, and brain maturation during adolescence.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of genetic risk for depression and household socioeconomic status on emotional behavior and brain development in early adolescence.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Individual differences in adolescent cortical development are associated with neighborhood characteristics: Longitudinal findings from the ABCD study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Geographic Measures of Early Life-Course Social Exposome in the Evaluation of Structural Neuroanatomy: A Scoping Review.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Review
- Neighborhood income inequality, maternal relative deprivation and neonatal health in Sweden: A cross-sectional study using individually defined multi-scale contexts.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Life-course neighbourhood deprivation and brain structure in older adults: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Structural inequality and temporal brain dynamics across diverse samples.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Development and Maturation of the Human Brain, from Infancy to Adolescence.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- The higher the household income, the lower the possibility of depression and anxiety disorder: evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Immigration Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Mapping Inequalities in the Physical, Built and Social Environment in Population-Based Studies of Brain Health.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2022Review
- Environmental influences on the pace of brain development.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2021Review
- Pubertal Testosterone and the Structure of the Cerebral Cortex in Young Men.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2021Article
- Assessment of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning During Childhood and Adolescence and Their Implications for Psychiatric Disorders.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Article
- Family Income Mediates the Effect of Parental Education on Adolescents' Hippocampus Activation During an N-Back Memory Task.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Corticosteroids and Regional Variations in Thickness of the Human Cerebral Cortex across the Lifespan.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Income inequality is associated with poor health and social outcomes. Negative social comparisons and competition may involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in underlying some of these complex inter-relationships. Here we investigate brain maturation, indexed by age-related decreases in cortical thickness, in adolescents living in neighborhoods with differing levels of income inequality and household income. We examine whether inter-regional variations relate to those in glucocorticoid receptor (HPA) and androgen receptor (HPG) gene expression. For each sex, we used a median split of income inequality and household income (income-to-needs ratio) to create four subgroups. In female adolescents, the high-inequality low-income group displayed the greatest age-related decreases in cortical thickness. In this group, expression of glucocorticoid and androgen receptor genes explained the most variance in these age-related decreases in thickness across the cortex. We speculate that female adolescents living in high-inequality neighborhoods and low-income households may experience greater HPA and HPG activity, leading to steeper decreases in cortical thickness with age.
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