ArticlePediatrics2017
Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media in the Postpneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era.
Article in Pediatrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 128 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 300 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shorter versus longer antibiotic therapy for children with acute otitis media: A systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Pneumococcal vaccine for prevention of acute otitis media in children: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic treatment of acute and recurrent otitis media in children: an Italian intersociety Consensus.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Guideline
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotic treatment to prevent pediatric acute otitis media infectious complications: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical practice guidelines for acute otitis media in children: a systematic review and appraisal of European national guidelines.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of online social media on improving mothers' behaviors towards preventing their children's otitis media based on the PRECED model: a randomized educational intervention trial.BMC pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Nirsevimab reduced acute otitis media infections in infants-a nationwide interrupted time-series analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Incidence and determinants of antibiotic use by age two: a prospective cohort study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A bacterial pangenome association study identifies a role for polyamine metabolism and alkaline tolerance in middle ear infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomics in infancy reveals early signatures of a stringently-defined otitis-prone phenotype.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Lipidated Protein D vaccination elicits humoral and cellular responses and protects mice against challenge with non-typeableInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Global Distribution of Bacterial Species Associated with Acute Otitis Media in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Implementation of a pediatric antibiotic stewardship intervention across a large integrated health system: protocol to optimize antibiotic selection and prescription duration for acute respiratory tract infections in children.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Trends in otitis media burden among BRICS from 1990 to 2023 and projections to 2040: an age-period-cohort analysis based on the 2023 global burden of disease study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Global burden of disease 2021: particulate matter pollution-attributable burden of upper respiratory infections, otitis media, and lower respiratory infections.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Early life factors documented in electronic health records predict recurrent acute otitis media.PloS one · 2026Article
- Analysis of pathogen distribution and risk factors for extended antibiotic course in children with microbiological-based protracted bacterial bronchitis in southwest China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM), especially the otitis-prone condition, during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7 and 13 era.
methodsSix hundred and fifteen children were prospectively managed from 6 to 36 months of life during a 10-year time frame (June 2006-June 2016). All clinical diagnoses of AOM were confirmed by tympanocentesis and bacterial culture of middle ear fluid.
resultsBy 1 year of age, 23% of the children experienced ≥1 episode of AOM; by 3 years of age, 60% had ≥1 episodes of AOM, and 24% had ≥3 episodes. The peak incidence occurred at 6 to 12 months of life. Multivariable analysis of demographic and environmental data revealed a significantly increased risk of AOM associated with male sex, non-Hispanic white race, family history of recurrent AOM, day care attendance, and early occurrence of AOM. Risk factors for stringently defined (tympanocentesis-confirmed) otitis proneness, in which children suffered at least 3 episodes of AOM in a 6-month period or at least 4 within a year, were male sex, day care attendance, and family history of AOM, whereas breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life was protective. Stringently defined otitis prone children were also likely to experience their first AOM episode at a younger age. The proportion of
conclusionsWe conclude that the epidemiology but not the risk factors for AOM have undergone substantial changes since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.