Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28784129›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2017

School-based diagnosis and treatment of malaria by teachers using rapid diagnostic tests and artemisinin-based combination therapy: experiences and perceptions of users and implementers of the Learner Treatment Kit, southern Malawi.

Treza Mphwatiwa, Stefan Witek-McManus, Austin Mtali, George Okello, Paul Nguluwe, Hard Chatsika, Natalie Roschnik, Katherine E Halliday, Simon J Brooker, Don P Mathanga

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Social innovation in diagnostics: three case studies.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2020
    Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Treza MphwatiwaDepartment of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Stefan Witek-McManusLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Austin MtaliSave the Children International, Zomba, Malawi.
George OkelloKEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
Paul NguluweSave the Children International, Zomba, Malawi.
Hard ChatsikaSave the Children International, Zomba, Malawi.
Natalie RoschnikSave the Children, USA, Westport, Connecticut, USA.
Katherine E HallidayLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Simon J BrookerLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Don P MathangaDepartment of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi. dmathang@mac.medcol.mw.
Dignitas International · MWLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBBlantyre Institute for Community Ophthalmology · MWKenya Medical Research Institute · KESave the Children · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTraining teachers to diagnose uncomplicated malaria using malaria rapid diagnostic tests and treat with artemisinin-based combination therapy has the potential to improve the access of primary school children (6-14 years) to prompt and efficient treatment for malaria, but little is known about the acceptability of such an intervention. This qualitative study explored experiences and perceptions of users and implementers of a programme of school-based malaria case management via a first-aid kit-the Learner Treatment Kit (LTK)-implemented as part of a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Zomba district, Malawi.

methodsFrom 29 primary schools where teachers were trained to test and treat school children for malaria using the LTK, six schools were purposively selected on the basis of relative intervention usage (low, medium or high); school size and geographical location. In total eight focus group discussions were held with school children, parents and guardians, and teachers; and 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders at the school, district and national levels. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

resultsThe LTK was widely perceived by respondents to be a worthwhile intervention, with the opinion that trained teachers were trusted providers of malaria testing and treatment to school children. Benefits of the programme included a perception of improved access to malaria treatment for school children; decreased school absenteeism; and that the programme supported broader national health and education policies. Potential barriers to successful implementation expressed included increased teacher workloads, a feeling of inadequate supervision from health workers, lack of incentives and concerns for the sustainability of the programme regarding the supply of drugs and commodities.

conclusionTraining teachers to test for and treat uncomplicated malaria in schools was well received by both users and implementers alike, and was perceived by the majority of stakeholders to be a valuable programme. Factors raised as critical to the success of such a programme included ensuring an effective supervisory system, a reliable supply chain, and the training of greater numbers of teachers per school to manage high consultation numbers, especially during the peak malaria transmission season.

Indexed as

PerceptionSchoolsArtemisininsCase ManagementDiagnostic Tests, RoutineDrug Therapy, CombinationHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMalariaMalawiRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicartemisininArtemisinins

Identifiers

PMID28784129
PMCPMC5547577
OpenAlexW2742702374

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.