ArticleClinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology2017
Low Retinal Dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1) Level in Prepubertal Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possible Link to Dopamine Dysfunction?
Article in Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Association of the retinol to all-trans retinoic acid pathway with autism spectrum disorder.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Article
- The comparative effectiveness of metformin and risperidone in a rat model of valproic acid-induced autism, Potential role for enhanced autophagy.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Global metabolic profiles in a non-human primate model of maternal immune activation: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Retinoic Acid Supplementation Rescues the Social Deficits inFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Vitamin A Status Is More Commonly Associated With Symptoms and Neurodevelopment in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorders-A Multicenter Study in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- A weekly vitamin A supplementary program alleviates social impairment in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders and vitamin A deficiency.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of gastrointestinal comorbidity and exacerbates core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- The Dual-Active Histamine HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Role of Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Emergence of Brain Histaminergic System. Lessons Also for BPSD?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Impaired neurodevelopmental pathways in autism spectrum disorder: a review of signaling mechanisms and crosstalk.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2019Review
- Reward-Related Behavioral, Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Changes in a Rat Model of Autism Based on Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Current Enlightenment About Etiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveRetinal dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1) is a cytosolic enzyme which acts both as a source of retinoic acid (RA) and as a detoxification enzyme. RALDH1 has key functions in the midbrain dopaminergic system, which influences motivation, cognition, and social behavior. Since dopamine has been increasingly linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we asked whether RALDH1 could contribute to the autistic phenotype. Therefore, we investigated for the first time the levels of RALDH1 in autistic patients. To further assess the detoxification function of RALDH1, we also explored 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts (4-HNE PAs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, considering the effect of testosterone on RALDH1 expression, we measured the second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) for both hands, which reflects exposure to prenatal testosterone.
methodsMale patients with ASD (n=18; age, 62.9±4.3 months) and healthy controls (n=13; age, 78.1±4.9 months) were examined. Erythrocyte RALDH1, serum 4-HNE PAs and erythrocyte GSH levels were measured using colorimetric assays, and digit lengths were measured using digital calipers.
resultsWe found significantly lower (-42.9%) RALDH1 levels in autistic patients as compared to controls (
conclusionWe concluded that a subset of autistic patients had a low RALDH1 level. These results suggest that low RALDH1 levels could contribute to the autistic phenotype by reflecting a dopaminergic dysfunction.
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